Measuring the natural resistance of wood is fundamental for proper use. The durability five tropical species was investigated by field decay testing during exposure 360 days. Wood logs (length 0,5 m; diameter 8 cm - 12 cm) were used in this study. mass loss and index calculated visual analysis time performed all samples. samples presented evidence two different groups concerning durability. fir...

Abstract Herein, the deteriorating aspects of a historical manuscript (papers and leather bookbinding) dated back to 17 th century were evaluated with reference role associated fungal communities. The deterioration signs investigated using visual assessment, SEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD, color changes, pH values compared control. Data showed that most represented by dust, dirt, erosion, stains, bores, we...

BACKGROUND The prosperity of Hallstatt (Salzkammergut region, Austria) is based on the richness of salt in the surrounding mountains and salt mining, which is documented as far back as 1500 years B.C. Substantial archaeological evidence of Bronze and Iron Age salt mining has been discovered, with a wooden staircase (1108 B.C.) being one of the most impressive and well preserved finds. However, ...

The ‘Motya Charioteer’ marble statue, a masterpiece of ancient Greek sculpting, was discovered in 1979 on the island Motya, Sicily. A general assessment statue's conditions 2008 revealed that has lost its luster and started to show some microcracks. In 2019 2020, microbiological surveys were conducted assess marble's biodeterioration through identification bacteria capable metabolizing calcium ...

Abstract Green chemistry is the preferred approach for synthesis of metal and oxide nanoparticles due to its environmental friendliness, feasibility, safety human health when compared with other chemical or physical methods. Caesalpinia spinosa a promising resource be applied in green metallic high amount polyphenols. The aim present research was obtain an antifungal coating functionalised synt...