BACKGROUND Countries are increasingly considering how to reduce or even end tobacco consumption, and raising tobacco taxes is a potential strategy to achieve these goals. We estimated the impacts on health, health inequalities, and health system costs of ongoing tobacco tax increases (10% annually from 2011 to 2031, compared to no tax increases from 2011 ["business as usual," BAU]), in a countr...

Disease susceptibility and genetic variability in 10 eggplant genotypes were studied after inoculating Phomopsis vexans under confined field conditions. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic variation and relationships among eggplant genotypes. The disease index of leaves ranged 0.208-13.79%, while fruit infection ranged 2.15-42.76%. Two varieties, Dohazari...

We calculate the baryon asymmetry generated at the electroweak phase transition in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, treating the particles in a WKB approximation in the bubble wall background. A set of diffusion equations for the particle species relevant to baryon generation, including source terms arising from the CP violation associated with the complex phase δ of the μ parameter, ...

We propose a mechanism for hiding the primordial baryon asymmetry from interactions that could wash it out. It requires the introduction of a baryon number carrying singlet which is in equilibrium in the early universe and shares any existing baryon asymmetry. It decouples from the Standard Model particles before all the interactions required to wash out the asymmetry are in equilibrium (T ' 10...

China’s emissions continue to rise rapidly in line with its mounting energy consumption, which puts considerable pressure on China to meet its emission reduction commitments. This paper assesses the impacts of CO2 mitigation measures in China during the period from 2010 to 2050 by using a computable general equilibrium method, called AIM/CGE. Results show that renewable energy makes a critical ...

The South Korean government announced its goals of reducing the country’s CO2 emissions by up to 30% below the business as usual (BAU) projections by 2020 in 2009 and 37% below BAU projections by 2030 in 2015. This paper explores the potential energy savings and reduction in CO2 emissions offered by residential building energy efficiency policies and plans in South Korea. The current and future...

We analyze possible future trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export by world rivers and associated emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). Our scenarios either assume that current trends continue or that nitrogen (N) inputs to aquatic systems are reduced as a result of changes in agriculture practices and fuel combustion technologies. The results indicate that moderate changes in the human...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three selected botanicals namely leaf extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia) and datura (black) (Datura metel) along with Bavistin (Carbendazim) and BAU-biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum) against leaf spot disease (tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum at the Fie...

The uridine phosphorylase inhibitors, 5-benzylacyclouridine (BAU) and 5-benzyloxybenzylacyclouridine (BBAU) (Biochem. Pharmacol., 31: 1857, 1982), inhibited uptake of uridine in L5178Y cells. By a rapid sampling technique, BAU and BBAU were shown to inhibit the transport (zero-trans influx) of uridine, thymidine, and adenosine in human erythrocytes as well as in murine L5178Y cells. In all case...

the pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid when used alone or in combination may be different and show interaction between these two agents that might decrease the absolute bioavailability of clavulanic acid. in an open, randomized, replicated latin square under fasting condition, pharmacokinetics of new formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were compared with a ref...