Both biogeography and ecology seek to understand the processes that determine patterns in nature, but do so at different spatial and temporal scales. The two disciplines were not always so different, and are recently converging again at regional spatial scales and broad temporal scales. In order to avoid confusion and to hasten progress at the converging margins of each discipline, the followin...

Phylogeography and landscape genetics have arisen within the past 30 y. Phylogeography is said to be the bridge between population genetics and systematics, and landscape genetics the bridge between landscape ecology and population genetics. Both fields can be considered as simply the amalgamation of classic biogeography with genetics and genomics; however, they differ in the temporal, spatial,...

The Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an emerging area for the researchers for its easiness in deployment. WSNs are adhoc networks in which all sensor nodes are scattered to form network. These sensor node shaving limited resources in terms of energy, memeoy and power etc. WSNs are rapidly growing technology which is very useful for numerous environment applications. In this research, the main...

This paper presents a biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm to solve the economic load Dispatch (ELD) problem with generator constraints in thermal plants. Applied method can solve the ELD problem with constraints like transmission losses, ramp rate limits, and prohibited operating zones. Biogeography is the science of the geographical distribution of biological species. The models of...

Biogeographical regions (bioregions) reveal how different sets of species are spatially grouped and therefore are important units for conservation, historical biogeography, ecology, and evolution. Several methods have been developed to identify bioregions based on species distribution data rather than expert opinion. One approach successfully applies network theory to simplify and highlight the...

Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of biological organisms. The mindset of the engineer is that we can learn from nature. Biogeography Based Optimization is a burgeoning nature inspired technique to find the optimal solution of the problem. Satellite image classification is an important task because it is the only way we can know about the land cover map of inaccessible ...

Aim To assess the hypothesis that free-living prokaryotes show a pattern of ‘no biogeography’ by examining the scaling of soil prokaryotic diversity and by comparing it with other groups’ biogeographical patterns. Location Two sites in the tropical deciduous forest of Chamela, Jalisco, on the western coast of Mexico. Methods We examined the diversity and distribution of soil prokaryotes in two ...

The importance of islands for our understanding of evolution, ecology, and biogeography cannot be overstated. Although MacArthur & Wilson’s (1967) classic monograph and foundation for the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) has been largely invalidated and superseded by new field data and more realistic concepts, there are still key aspects of the ETIB paradigm that continue to inf...

Aquatic microbes, like all organisms, have biogeographies, but this subject has attracted relatively little attention. In this review, recent results exploiting techniques of molecular biology are summarized to place in perspective the studies of this Theme Section. The studies considered concern large-scale patterns of spatial distribution among heterotrophic planktonic prokaryotic and eukaryo...

As we have seen, life has been important in shaping its own environment throughout its 3.8 Ga* geologically recorded history. It has influenced earth-surface temperatures (Classes 2, 9, 10) through its involvement in the geochemical cycles that determine the world ocean’s salt content and the atmosphere’s composition (Classes 7-10). Overall, life’s effects have tended to compensate for the ther...