The modular nature of the abscisic acid response complex (ABRC), the promoter unit necessary and sufficient for abscisic acid (ABA) induction of gene expression in barley, is defined in this study. We investigated ABA induction of a barley late embrogenesis abundant (Lea) gene, HVA1, and found that the ABRC of this gene consists of a 10-bp box with an ACGT core (ACGT-box) and the 11 bp directly...

Under dehydration conditions, amphipathic Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins fold spontaneously from a random conformation into α-helical structures and this transition is promoted by the presence of membranes. To gain insight into the thermodynamics of membrane association we model the resulting α-helical structures as infinite rigid cylinders patterned with hydrophobic and hydrophilic...

The propagation of bacteriophages and other mobile genetic elements requires exploitation of the phage mechanisms involved in virion assembly and DNA packaging. Here, we identified and characterized four different families of phage-encoded proteins that function as activators required for transcription of the late operons (morphogenetic and lysis genes) in a large group of phages infecting Gram...

Background The homogeneous distribution of collagen in diffuse myocardial fibrosis renders the disease unsuitable for imaging using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) [1]. More recently, the estimation of extracellular volume from T1 maps involving gadolinium agents has shown promise; however, these methods are not specific to collagen and are governed by gadolinium kinetics [2]. The diagnosis o...

The title oxidovanadium(V) complex, [V(C(15)H(11)N(3)O(5))(CH(3)O)O], was obtained by the reaction of 2-hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-benzaldehyde, 4-nitro-benzohydrazide and vanadyl sulfate in methanol. The V(V) atom is five-coordinated by the two O and one N donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand, one methano-late O atom and one oxido O atom, forming a distorted square-pyramidal geometry.

Sequential transport from early to late endosomes requires the coordinated activities of the small GTPases Rab5 and Rab7. The transition between early and late endosomes could be mediated either through transport carriers or by Rab conversion, a process in which the loss of Rab5 from an endosome occurs concomitantly to the acquisition of Rab7. We demonstrate that Rab conversion is the mechanism...

Mutations in the APP and PSEN genes have provided direct evidence for the central role of aberrant amyloid b (Ab) peptide production in familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Newly identified risk factors will further help us to unravel how derailed physiological and cell biological processes lead to identical pathogenesis in late-onset AD (LOAD). Ubelmann et al now unveil in this issue how two of ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate existing evidence on long-term developmental outcomes of late-preterm infants (LPI; infants born 34-36 6/7 weeks gestation). DATA SOURCES Computerized bibliographic databases and hand search for English language articles published between January 1995 and November 2010 yielded 817 articles. STUDY SELECTION Twelve studies (10 cohort and two cross-sectional) were identif...

In yeast, external alkalization and alteration in plasma membrane lipid asymmetry are sensed by the Rim101 pathway. It is currently under debate whether the signal elicited by external alkalization is transduced to downstream molecules at the plasma membrane or via endocytosis of the Rim21 sensor protein at the late endosome. We found that the downstream molecules, including arrestin-related pr...

Molecular studies of drought stress in plants use a variety of strategies and include different species subjected to a wide range of water deficits. Initial research has by necessity been largely descriptive, and relevant genes have been identified either by reference to physiological evidence or by differential screening. A large number of genes with a potential role in drought tolerance have ...