Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan are clustered into 3 lineages (eastern, western, and southern clusters) based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes of an approximately 700 bp sequence the D-loop region mtDNA. In 2012 Ministry Environment announced bear population Kyushu, southwestern island Japanese archipelago, as locally extinct, because last reliable record Kyushu was 1941. T...