BACKGROUND Clinical trials are investigating the potential benefit resulting from a reduced maximum storage interval for red blood cells (RBCs). The key drivers that determine RBC age at the time of issue vary among individual hospitals. Although progressive reduction in the maximum storage period of RBCs would be expected to result in smaller hospital inventories and reduced blood availability...

Gas stoves are now very common in all houses including urban and remote areas. The main power source for gas stoves are either LPG or biogas. Biogas is more cost effective compared to LPG. In both cases chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted into heat energy and this heat energy is used for cooking purpose. Explosive range of LPG is 1.8%-9.5% volume of gas in air. Biogas mainly contain...

Good algorithms exist for solving the 2D rectangular strip packing problem when the objective is to minimize the amount of wasted material. However, in some applications other criteria are also important. We describe new heuristics for strip packing that optimize not only for wastage, but also for the efficient use of the cutting equipment, by minimizing the number of independent cuts required ...

Dynamic memory allocator has been an essential component in computer software for decades, which evolves to be sophisticated to meet both the strict performance and space requirements. This paper studies the design of simplified versions of two popular dynamic memory allocators, namely, the dlmalloc used in GNU libc and the tcmalloc used in Google Chrome browser. In this paper, we also conduct ...

Although the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes has an established predilection for disseminated infection during pregnancy that often results in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, the specific host-pathogen interaction that dictates these disastrous complications remain incompletely defined. Herein, we demonstrate systemic maternal Listeria infection during pregnancy fractures fet...

Mammalian pregnancy requires protection against immunological rejection of the developing fetus bearing discordant paternal antigens. Immune evasion in this developmental context entails silenced expression of chemoattractant proteins (chemokines), thereby preventing harmful immune cells from penetrating the maternal-fetal interface. Here, we demonstrate that fetal wastage triggered by prenatal...

Information on the level of foetal wastage in slaughtered cattle in Tanzania is limited. A three-month observational study (April - June 2014) of animals slaughtered at the Tanga abattoir in Tanga region, Tanzania was carried out to determine the number of pregnant cows slaughtered. The total number of cattle slaughtered during the study period was 3643, representing a monthly kill average of 1...

Deficiency of blood coagulation factor V or tissue factor causes the death of mouse embryos by 10.5 days of gestation, suggesting that part of the blood coagulation system is necessary for development. This function is proposed to require either generation of the serine protease thrombin and cell signaling through protease-activated receptors or an activity of tissue factor that is distinct fro...

A Broadband Wireless Access technology known as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is based on IEEE 802.16 standards. It uses orthogonal frequency division multiple accesses (OFDMA) as one of its multiple access technique. Major design factors of OFDMA resource allocation are scheduling and burst allocation. To calculate the appropriate dimensions and location of each user’...

In code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes are used to allocate vacant codes when new calls arrive. In this paper, integration is done for allocation of OVSF codes when a quantized or non-quantized call arrives, and further, the voice calls and data calls are treated differently as former are delay sensitive and later can be stored in buffer. Voic...