This paper describes a method for converting a task-dependent grammar into a word predictor of a speech understanding system, Since tile word prediction is a top-down operation, le f t recursive rules induces an i n f i n i t e looping. We have solved this problem by applying an algorithm for bottom-up parsing,

Models of the reading process generally describe the relations among the components of reading in skilled readers. In these models, the relations between bottom-up word recognition processes (lower order processes) and top-down comprehension processes (higher order processes) are typically described. In bottom-up models of reading, processing starts with the raw input and passes through increas...

Performance in a behavioural task can be influenced by both bottom-up and top-down processes such as stimulus modality and prior probability. Here, we exploited differences in behavioural strategy to explore the role of the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus (dSC) in covert orienting. Two monkeys were trained on a predictive cued-saccade task in which the cue predicted the ...

In the present study, we examined the eye movement behaviour of children and adults looking at five Van Gogh paintings in the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam. The goal of the study was to determine the role of top-down and bottom-up attentional processes in the first stages of participants' aesthetic experience. Bottom-up processes were quantified by determining a salience map for each painting. Top...

This paper addresses the problems of movement transformation in Prolog-based bottom-up parsing system. Three principles of Government-Binding theory are employed to deal with these problems. They are Empty Category Principle, C-command Principle, and Subjacency Principle. A formalism based upon them is proposed. Translation algorithms are given to add these linguistic principles to the general ...

While the role of attention in determining the neural fate of unattended emotional items has been investigated in the past, it remains unclear whether bottom-up and top-down factors have differential effects in shaping responses evoked by such stimuli. To study the effects of bottom-up and top-down factors on the processing of neutral and fearful faces, we employed functional magnetic resonance...

An adaptation of the standard LR(1) and LALR(1) parsing algorithm is described such that a top-down parse order is produced rather than the standard bottom-up order. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Information Technology Research Centre of Ontario and Queen's University at Kingston. James Schmeiser is a developer in the IBM Canada ...