We propose a new block cipher as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard. Its design is highly conservative, yet still allows a very efficient implementation. It uses the well-understood DES S-boxes in a new structure that simultaneously allows a more rapid avalanche, a more efficient bitslice implementation, and an easy analysis that enables us to demonstrate its security against all ...

In our Brief Article (KBW, this issue), we present data showing that 5-month-old infants interpret the movements of inanimate objects according to the constraint of spatiotemporal continuity, but do not interpret peoples’ motion according to this same constraint. We suggest from this finding that infants may possess distinct systems for learning, interpreting, and reasoning about the actions an...

Low-level radioactive contamination may affect choice of breeding site and life-history decisions if (i) radioactivity directly affects body condition or (ii) it affects resource abundance that then secondarily influences reproductive decisions. We tested the effects of radioactive contamination on nest-site choice and reproduction in a community of hole nesting birds by putting up nest boxes i...

Barrow’s Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) and Bufflehead (B. albeola) are cavity-nesting waterfowl that have received considerable attention in studies using nest boxes, but little is known about their nesting ecology in natural cavities. We found larger clutch size, lower nesting success, and different major predators for Barrow’s Goldeneyes nesting in boxes versus those nesting in natural cavi...

—Understanding the role of green space in urban–suburban landscapes is becoming critical for bird conservation because of rampant habitat loss and conversion. Although not natural habitat, golf courses could play a role in bird conservation if they support breeding populations of some native species, yet scientists remain skeptical. In 2003–2009, we measured reproduction of Eastern Bluebirds (S...

In CRYPTO’89, Merkle presented three double-block-length hash functions based on DES. They are optimally collision resistant in a black-box model, that is, the time complexity of any collision-finding algorithm for them is Ω(2 ) if DES is a random block cipher, where is the output length. Their drawback is that their rates are low. In this article, new double-block-length hash functions with hi...

In this work, we apply the sliced biclique cryptanalysis technique to show 8-round collision attack on a hash function H based on 4-branch, Type-2 Generalized Feistel Network (Type-2 GFN). This attack is generic and works on 4-branch, Type-2 GFN with any parameters including the block size, type of round function, the number of S-boxes in each round and the number of SP layers inside the round ...

Our Goal • Found that Fractal Features effectively have texture recognition ability using statistical, soft computing, data mining and machine learning methods. • Six texture descriptors introduced in [Chaudhuri and Sarkar, 95] are based on the Fractal Dimension of the original and derived images. The studied features were the FDs of: • the original image (F_1), • the high gray-valued image (F_...

This study extended the computation of GLCM (gray level co-occurrence matrix) to a three-dimensional form. The objective was to treat hyperspectral image cubes as volumetric data sets and use the developed 3D GLCM computation algorithm to extract discriminant volumetric texture features for classification. As the kernel size of the moving box is the most important factor for the computation of ...