Traumatic brain injury is a serious global health problem with irreversible high morbidity and disability and Because of its unknown pathophysiological mechanisms, efficient therapeutic approaches to improve the poor outcome and long-term impairment of behavioral function are still remains lacking. The microglial cells are the resident macrophage cells of the brain and have M1/M2 phenotype, for...

Brain injuries can interrupt descending neural pathways that convey motor commands from the cortex to spinal motoneurons. Here, we demonstrate a unilateral injury of hindlimb sensorimotor rats with completely transected thoracic cord produces postural asymmetry contralateral flexion and asymmetric withdrawal reflexes within 3 hr, as well in gene expression patterns lumbar cord. The injury-induc...

The case is a 2-year-old previously healthy girl with coincidental penetrating eye and brain injury. A metal rod was inserted into the skull through the upper border of the right globe. After admission and diagnostic and surgical approaches, the rod was removed under general anesthesia, and no brain hematoma or ocular and significant periocular injuries were detected. No neurologic and ophthalm...

Comparison of visual perception error among patients with mild traumatic brain injury healthy people

Brain injury is a significant risk factor for chronic gliosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, no treatment available neuroinflammation caused by the action of glial cells following brain injury. In this study, we investigated quinpirole-mediated activation dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in mouse model traumatic (TBI). We also neuroprotective effects quinpirole (a D2R agonist) against ce...

Objective(s): Cognitive defects such as learning and memory impairment are amongst the most repetitious sequelae after sever and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was suggested that ellagic acid (EA), an innate phenol product, display neuroprotective properties against oxidative and inflammatory damages after brain injury. The object of the current study was therapeutic properties of EA...

Abstract Purpose of Review Early enteral nutrition improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can prove difficult due to TBI-induced feeding intolerance secondary disruption the brain-gut axis, a network composed central nervous system (CNS) input, autonomic signaling, and immunologic regulation that controls gut CNS homeostasis. Here, we discuss pathophysiology brain–gut ax...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a significant public health concern in our country, because of placing in top three most common causes of death and substantial direct and indirect costs to society. the incidence of tbi in our country is 1.7 times of international incidence. traumatic brain injury induced by primary and secondary mechanisms that give rise to death and neurologic morbidity in pat...

background considering the cognitive and linguistic complexity of discourse production, it is expected that individuals with traumatic brain injury (tbi) should face difficulties in this task. therefore, clinical examination of discourse has become a useful tool for studying and assessment of communication skills of people suffering from tbi. among different genres of discourse, persuasive disc...