Introduction: Recently, an approach exploiting the proton therapy biological enhancement by using Boron atoms injected inside a tumor, has been proposed. Three alpha particles with an average energy around 4MeV are emitted from the point of reaction between a proton and boron. In addition, the 719 keV prompt gamma emitted by the proton Boron fusion reactions can be used for on-...

The distribution of JC virus (JCV) variants in the brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and lymph nodes collected at autopsy from AIDS patients with (Group A: 10 Ss) and without (Group B: 5 Ss) progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and from HIV-negative patients (Group C: 5 Ss), was examined by amplifying the JCV large T antigen (LT), the regulatory (R) and the VP1 regions. Among the s...

Human brain evolution is characterized by an overall increase in brain size, cerebral reorganization, and cerebral lateralization. It is generally understood when brain enlargement occurred during human evolution. However, issues concerning cerebral reorganization and hemispheric lateralization are more difficult to determine from brain endocasts, and they are topics of considerable debate. One...

Aim of this paper is to develop an efficient fuzzy c-mean based segmentation algorithm to extract tumor region from MR brain images. First, cluster centroids are initialized through data analysis of tumor region, which optimizes the standard fuzzy cmean algorithm. Next, reconstruction based morphological operations are applied to enhance its performance for brain tumor extraction. The results s...

neurofibromatosis type 2 is an inherited disease. the main manifestation of the disease is the development of symmetric, non-malignant brain tumors in the region of the cranial nerve viii usually as schwannoma. we report here a 20-year-old woman with primary intracranial malignant nerve sheath tumor located in the left cerebellopontine angle. histologically, the tumor showed malignant spindle c...

A 20-year-old female presented with dysphasia and slight hemiparesis following a head trauma, who had a non-treated growing skull fracture which had remained asymptomatic for about 18 years, despite an encephalocele in the left parietal region. Neuroimaging demonstrated secondary brain damage and herniated brain resulting in gliosis. Electroencephalography revealed epileptic discharge in the af...

Nowadays biologists investigate different causes for deafness. One reason is a damage in a particular region of the auditory brain stem. Anatomical differences were discovered when investigating brain slices of different laboratory mice. However, these slices are only a two dimensional representation of a part of the brain. The arising question was how these differences of structure affect the ...

background: limited data available about the mechanisms of dysphagia and areas involving swallow after brain damage; accordingly it is hard to predict which cases are more likely to develop swallowing dysfunction based on the neuroimaging. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between brain lesions and dysphagia in a sample of acute conscious stroke patients. materials and m...