OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to present, compare, and discuss the kinematic response of children and child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) during emergency braking events in different restraint configurations in a passenger vehicle. METHODS A driving study was conducted on a closed-circuit test track comprising 16 children aged 4 to 12 years old and the Q3, Hybrid III (HIII)...

BACKGROUND For Royal Marine recruits in training, the third metatarsal is the most common site for stress fracture. Previous evidence regarding biomechanical factors contributing to metatarsal stress fracture development is conflicting, possibly due to the lack of differentiation between the metatarsals. The present retrospective study compares static anatomical characteristics and dynamic biom...

Abstract Aiming at the problem of high recoil kinetic energy caused by launching long-range guided projectiles, main effect and Pareto barrel diameter, projectile mass, initial velocity charge on are studied based Latin hypercube test design under certain bore pressure conditions, which provides reference for evaluation control brought new ammunition. At same time, in order to solve difficulty ...

This paper addresses the problem of navigating in a provably safe manner a mobile robot with a limited fieldof-view placed in a unknown dynamic environment. In such a situation, absolute motion safety (in the sense that no collision will ever take place whatever happens in the environment) is impossible to guarantee in general. It is therefore settled for a weaker level of motion safety dubbed ...

In the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), force ripple is harmful, useless and disturbing. The force ripple is basically composed of two components: detent force and mutual force ripple. This force is influenced by the geometric parameters of the permanent magnet (PM) motors; such as width, thickness and length of the magnet poles, length and thickness of the rotor and stato...

Since the advantage of hidden Markov model in dealing with time series data and for the sake of identifying driving style, three driving style (aggressive, moderate and mild) are modeled reasonably through hidden Markov model based on driver braking characteristics to achieve efficient driving style. Firstly, braking impulse and the maximum braking unit area of vacuum booster within a certain t...

UNLABELLED Despite the high incidence of chronic ankle instability (CAI), the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism is unknown. Evidence suggests that both feed-forward and feedback mechanisms may play a role. However, no investigation has examined both control mechanisms during the same movement task in the same cohort of CAI patients. PURPOSE To determine the neuromuscular and biomechanical...

Driven by the desire for safety and automobile regulations, there has been a movement from the drum brake system, where braking force is not as predictable, to the disc brake system that still continues to this day. This shift is perhaps most noticeable in the heavy vehicle industry. However, despite the improvements in stopping distance, the open nature of the disc brake system makes it more p...

The accurate measurement of behavioral compensation after CNS trauma, such as spinal cord injury, is important when assessing the functional effects of injury and treatment in animal models. We investigated the locomotor abilities of rats with unilateral thoracic or cervical spinal cord injuries using a locomotor rating (BBB) scale, reflex tests, and quantitative kinetic measurements. The BBB r...