Lymphatic dissemination from the primary tumor is a major mechanism by which breast cancer cells access the systemic circulation, resulting in distant metastasis and mortality. Numerous studies link activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) with tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and patient mortality. However, the role of HIF-1 in lymphatic dissemination is poorly understood. In this study...

Aim: Initial staging in breast cancer is considered as locoregional and systemic disease. Distant metastases is rarely expected in early stage breast cancer patients. Although, we observed that, stage is not as clinically expected after staging with FDG PET-CT both in early and advanced stage breast cancer. Our main objective was to test the hypothesis by comparing the distant metastases rate o...

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells responsible for tumor growth, and recent evidence suggests that CSCs also contribute to cancer metastasis. However, the heterogeneity of CSCs in metastasis capacities is still unclear in breast cancer. Here we show that among the CD24-/CD44+ breast CSCs, a subset expressing the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v) displays significant...

Aberrantly expressed microRNAs have been implicated in lots of cancers. Reduced amounts of let-7g have been found in breast cancer tissues. The function of let-7g in bone metastasis of breast cancer remains poorly understood. This study is to explore the significance of let-7g and its novel target gene in bone metastasis of breast cancer. The expression of let-7g or forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) was ...

abstract   background: the iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their western counterparts. evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways , including estrogen receptor-α (er- α ), occur during breast cancer development in caucasians. epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in asians differ from those in caucasian...

Breast cancer, which is a common cause of cutaneous metastasis, has substantially high mortality and morbidity rates in women. Skin metastasis of breast cancer usually occurs at the adjacent anterior chest wall, and scalp metastasis is very rare. Due to these rates, the preliminary diagnosis of the skin metastasis of breast cancer can be overlooked in case of a scalp mass, and this can result i...

Brain metastases are frequent in patients with advanced breast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. However, unique molecular biomarkers have not yet been established. We hypothesized that microRNA-20b (miR-20b) plays a role in breast cancer brain metastasis. Our study cohort comprised of eleven breast cancer patients with brain metastasis and nine control patients (age, stage, and fo...

An isoform of the 14-3-3 protein family, 14-3-3θ has been linked with tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the role of 14-3-3θ in the progression of breast cancer remains unknown. Here, we report that 14-3-3θ plays a critical role in breast cancer metastasis and prognosis. The expression of 14-3-3θ was markedly higher in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. A h...

A case of synchronous metastasis of breast cancer to the stomach and colon is reported. A 38-year-old woman with a history of bilateral breast cancer was admitted for endoscopic examination because of occult blood. Endoscopic examination showed elevated lesions on the mucosal surface of the stomach and cecum. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimens obtained from both sites showed ...

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis of breast carcinoma to meningioma is a rare phenomenon. It is likely underdiagnosed given the relatively high prevalence and comorbidity of these two primary tumor types, the lack of standardized methodologies for its diagnosis, and the tendency to obfuscate this lesion with simple meningioma or cerebral metastasis of breast carcinoma. Careful histopathologic study of ...