Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is the most important disease of Grapevines in South Africa. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus type 3 (GLRaV-3) has a close association with the disease and is prevalent in South African vineyards. GLD can be controlled using a combination of virus-free planting material, systemic insecticides to control vector populations and removal of infected vines by rogu...

When large amounts of brilliant vital red are injected into the blood stream of dogs, the dye is gradually removed from circulation, and most of it is deposited in numerous phagocytic cells which are scattered throughout various organs and tissues. The dye occurs largely in the form of tiny red granules crowded together in the cytoplasm of these cells. If Niagara sky blue, a closely related dye...

Trypan Blue is one of the most commonly used dyes for assessing cell viability by dye exclusion assays. Dye exclusion assays are based on the principle that an intact cell membrane is necessary for the exclusion of certain dyes. Some other dyes used for this purpose include safranin, eosin, Congo Red, erythrocin, nigrosin and Alcian Blue (5). Pappenheimer (4) was the first to describe the use o...

Amyloid fibrils implicated in numerous human diseases are thermodynamically very stable. Stringent conditions that would not be possible in a physiological environment are often required to disrupt the stable fibrils. Recently, there is increasing evidence that small molecules can remodel amyloid fibrils in a physiologically relevant manner. In order to investigate possible fibril remodeling me...

In this study, based on colony morphology characteristics, a total of 19 fungal endophytes were isolated from root of Calotropis Procera a traditional Indian medicinal plant. All fungal isolates were screened for their dye degradation ability. The dyes used as test dyes were Rose Bengal (RB), azo dye Methyl Red (MR), Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and Methylene Blue (MB) and the concentration o...

background: candida species are among the most common causes of opportunistic fungal diseases. among candida species, candida albicans is responsible for most infections. having many strains, c. albicans is very polymorph. c. dubliniensis is very similar to albicans species both morphologically and physiologically. for an infection to occur, cell wall proteins play an important role as they ena...

A simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of trace levels of five sulphonated and azo sulphonated reactive dyes: Cibacron Reactive Blue 2 (C-Blue, trisulphonated dye), Cibacron Reactive Red 4 (C-Red, tetrasulphonated azo dye), Cibacron Reactive Yellow 2 (C-Yellow, trisulphonated azo dye), Levafix Brilliant Red E-4BA (L-Red, trisulphonated dye), and Levafix Brilliant Blue E-4BA ...

The aim of this study is to evaluate vital dyes "Brilliant Blue G" (BBG) and "Membrane Blue Dual" (MBD) for intraoperative staining of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) during vitrectomy for macular hole (MH). Retrospective, comparative case series on 18 eyes with macular holes who underwent "23 and 25 gauge" pars plana vitrectomy. Main outcome measurements were staining intensity and character...