Transgenic maize expressing toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) may be commercially planted in northern China where Bt cotton has been for more than two decades. While brings additional benefits insect control, it complicates resistance management of bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a common target and maize. Here we developed two-locus po...

Critics of the market-based, ecosystem services approach to biodiversity conservation worry that volatile market conditions and technological substitutes will diminish the value of ecosystem services and obviate the "economic benefits" arguments for conservation. To explore the effects of market forces and substitutes on service values, we assessed how the value of the pest-control services pro...

In 1996, Bt-cotton (cotton expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene) expressing the Cry1Ac protein was commercially introduced to control cotton pests. A threat to this first generation of transgenic cotton is the evolution of resistance by the insects. Second-generation Bt-cotton has been developed with either new B. thuringiensis genes or with a combination of cry genes. However, one re...

As with other technologies, adoption of Bt seed requires technology specific knowledge. Growing secondary pest populations have slowly eroded the benefits of Bt technology in China. We illustrate the effects of introducing Bt technology among farmers with an imperfect knowledge of secondary pest problems using a simple dynamic model. The stochastic dominance tests based on primary household dat...

The potential impacts of genetically modified (GM) crops on income, poverty and nutrition in developing countries continue to be the subject of public controversy. Here, a review of the evidence is given. As an example of a first-generation GM technology, the effects of insect-resistant Bt cotton are analysed. Bt cotton has already been adopted by millions of small-scale farmers, in India, Chin...

Transgenic cotton plants (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt)) has significant influenced the integrated pest management around world. In Colombia, Anthonomus grandis Boheman and Spodoptera complex are currently considered main pests in crops. Therefore, this study evaluated effect of Bt (Cry1Ac Cry2Ab) non-Bt on population fluctuation during two years Tolima region. A Pearson correlation matr...