This paper gives examples of the implementation energy-saving measures in public premises. The introduction at enterprises significantly reduces fixed component industrial expenditures. As a rule, educational institutions, for example, premises, are financed from state budget, and saving money on utilities will enable redirecting finances to development university’s scientific base. Thus, main ...

iran  budgeting  structure  and concepts  have  changed  since  200 i .these changes  embrace  the  items  such  as  ,   concepts  of revenues  ,   expenses  , capital   assets   as  well   as   financial   assets   ,    which   resulted    in  more information  transparency .   as a results  the government  budget  is  drawn up  as  such  of an  economic   firm's  budget.  structural  ref...

The challenge of unstainable agricultural water usage in Korea has continued interminably despite persisting climate change impacts; thus, necessitating urgent actions to forestall future crises. However, achieving this goal requires the involvement stakeholders develop an effective governance policy concerning saving. This study investigates components following existing gaps. A multi-level De...

A key strategy for lowering emissions and reducing the effects of climate change is to execute energy-saving retrofits in residential buildings. Despite extensive research on different retrofit pathways building energy efficiency, current retrofitting aged housing stock China still constrained by several factors, including occupant willingness, government financial situation, low prices, so pro...

The budget is the key means for effecting policy in democracies, yet its preparation is typically an opaque and arcane process. Participatory budgeting is making inroads in municipalities, but is usually limited to a small fraction of the total budget as its methods do not scale: They cannot handle quantitative budget items nor hierarchical budget construction. Here we apply the Condorcet princ...

Cultivated coffee trees are under serious threat from climate change, disease and insect pests. The homogeneity of the crop makes it particularly vulnerable: nearly all of the world’s cultivated coffee originated with a handful of plants grown in Ethiopia. Little scientific research has gone into cultivating coffee, but that situation is beginning to change. Scientists are now hurrying to intro...