abstract this paper by reviewing the main examples of small to medium-scale retractable roof structures covering building courtyards is to present an innovative rigid retractable roof system employing spatial frames for a courtyard of an existing building in tabriz islamic art university. the courtyard is currently used for temporary exhibitions and gatherings whenever permitted by environmenta...

Many researches have focused on the optimal design of tuned mass damper (TMD) system without the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI), so that ignoring the effect of SSI may lead to an undesirable and unrealistic design of TMD. Furthermore, many optimization criteria have been proposed for the optinal design of the TMD system. Hence, the main aim of this study is to compare different opti...

the aim of this paper is to review the created problems and failure of environmental design patterns in designing process by designers. not respectfully addressing the context of environment during designing process have resulted in the loss quality of environment, damage to both nature and essence of environment as manifested in the case study area. methodology of the research was based on the...