The need of building occupants for ventilation has been recognized many centuries ago; however, since the early 1970s, ventilation systems for buildings and transport systems have considerably evolved. This was invigorated by researchers who demonstrated the requirements for buildings to provide comfort and good air quality indoors (e.g., Fanger, 1972; Fanger and Christensen, 1986; Fanger, 1988...

In urban GIS and management, Digital surface model (DSM) can be used for generating object models. The preliminary step is to segment the interesting areas. In this paper, we present an integrated method of building extraction using transform from DSM to normal angles and watershed segmentation to the gradient of DSM. To remove the effect of the terrain shape to building detection, we firstly d...

This paper aims to define the energy and economic performance of a district heating (i.e., DH) considering the impact of cost-optimal refurbishment solutions of the connected buildings. The possibility to shift to a lowtemperature DH is considered a feasible solution to reduce thermal losses and hence increasing the network efficiency that is connected with a systematic approach to the refurbis...

The cartographic generalization prepares and arranges the contents of a map for a given scale and application in order to improve its comprehensibility. In recent years, the data sets for map-like presentations in 3D has become widespread available. Concerning urban areas, the most important objects therein are buildings. Whereas quiet a number of generalization algorithms for 3D data have been...

In this paper we present a data-driven approach to modeling end user energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings. Our model is based upon a data set of monthly electricity and gas bills, collected by a utility over the course of several years, for approximately 6,500 buildings in Cambridge, MA. In addition, we use publicly available tax assessor records and geographical survey in...

The paper mainly deals with the match of solar refrigeration, i.e., solar/natural gas-driven absorption chiller (SNGDAC), solar vapor compression–absorption integrated refrigeration system with parallel configuration (SVCAIRSPC), and solar absorption-subcooled compression hybrid cooling system (SASCHCS), and building cooling based on the exergoeconomics. Three types of building cooling are cons...

The concentration of airborne asbestos in buildings nationwide is reported in this study. A total of 3978 indoor samples from 752 buildings, representing nearly 32 man-years of sampling, have been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The buildings that were surveyed were the subject of litigation related to suits alleging the general building occupants were exposed to a potential healt...

Introduction The reinforced concrete tilt-up building is the most popular form of light industrial and low-rise commercial construction in the Western United States and is a significant portion of new construction nationwide. This popularity is primarily driven by the construction speed and economical nature of tilt-up construction. Architectural acceptance has become more widespread as tilt-up...

This paper presents an update about recent additions to the Modelica Buildings library. The Modelica Buildings library is a free open-source library with dynamic simulation models for building energy and control systems. The library contains models for air-based HVAC systems, chilled water plants, water-based heating systems, controls, room and envelope heat transfer, multizone airflow, includi...