In October 2003 a campaign on board the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis had the objective to validate standard Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) sea-ice products. Additionally, the satellite laser altimeter on the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) was in operation. To capture the large-scale information on the sea-ice conditions necessary for satellite v...

[1] As part of the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate Processes program, from 2000 through 2003, the easternmost 95!W Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) moorings were enhanced to provide time series of net surface heat flux, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ship maintaining the 95!W and 110!W TAO lines was enhanced to monitor surface heat fluxes and atmospheric boundar...

Gaofen-3 (GF-3) is the first Chinese civil C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) launched on 10 August 2016 by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), which operates in 12 imaging modes with a fine spatial resolution up to 1 m. As one of the primary users, the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) operationally processes GF-3 SAR Level-1 products into ocean surface wind vector and plans to o...

shah ismail established a dynasty in iran on the premises of nationality and religion. to establish national unity in iran, he announced shia as the official religion. his goal was to strengthen iranian national bonds. the presence of uzbeks in the east and ottomans in the west made it necessary that iranian people reinforce their feeling of patriotism and love for they homeland. shah ismail be...