Burst firing of dopaminergic neurons in ventral tegmental area (VTA) induces a large transient increase in synaptic dopamine (DA) release and thus is considered the reward-related signal. But the mechanisms of burst generation of dopaminergic neuron still remain unclear. This experiment investigated the burst firing of VTA dopaminergic neurons in rat midbrain slices perfused with carbachol and ...

With the increasing interest in optical burst switching (OBS) networks, the performance assessment of this kind of networks became of particular concern. Recently, some authors suggested that burst loss was not a reliable performance assessment metric for OBS networks. Refuting this claim, this paper presents simulation results obtained for a ring network, using real tributary IPv4 packets as s...

This paper analyzes the effects of a convulsant and an anticonvulsant manipulation on spontaneous bursts in CA3 pyramidal cells in the in vitro slice preparation under conditions of low (3.3 mM [K(+)](o)) and high (8.5 mM [K(+)](o)) burst probability. When burst probability was low, the anticonvulsant, pentobarbital, produced the anticipated effects: the burst duration decreased and interburst ...

Optical burst switching (OBS) is one of the most promising nextgeneration all-optical data transport paradigms. As networks become increasingly distributed and autonomic, Optical Burst Switching becomes the right choice for the next generation optical Internet. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for Dynamic Routing of Reliability-Differentiated connections (DRRDC) in Optical Burst Switched n...

background: enhancement of the immune system seems to be the most promising method of preventing fish diseases and increasing growth rate. objectives: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of dietary administration of zataria multiflora boiss and menthapulegium l extracts on phagocytosis, lysozyme, respiratory burst and total white and red blood cells (wbc/rbc) of ra...

BACKGROUND Approximate entropy, a measure of signal complexity and regularity, quantifies electroencephalogram changes during anesthesia. With increasing doses of anesthetics, burst-suppression patterns occur. Because of the high-frequency bursts, spectrally based parameters such as median electroencephalogram frequency and spectral edge frequency 95 do not decrease, incorrectly suggesting ligh...

In this paper, the optical composite burst switching (OCBS) technique is proposed to be implemented in an all-optical backbone network to support Internet protocol (IP) traffic. The OCBS is based on two main features. First, several IP packets are assembled in a single macropacket, called burst. Second, the burst contention in an optical switch is handled by means of two techniques, the wavelen...

Pyramidal cells in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of weakly electric fish have been observedto produce high-frequency burst discharge with constant depolarizing current (Turner et al., 1994). We present a two-compartment model of an ELL pyramidal cell that produces burst discharges similar to those seen in experiments.The burst mechanism involves a slowly changing intera...