Can complexity theory throw some different light on the aetiology of complex diseases, 1 currently explored mostly by the probe of molecular genetics? 2 Epidemiology, particularly as developing in the last half a century, has been dealing with disease aetiology—‘a priori’ not known whether simple or complex—with quite simple tools from an epistemological viewpoint. Observational epidemiology st...

When applied to training deep neural networks, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) often incurs steady progression phases, interrupted by catastrophic episodes in which loss and gradient norm explode. A possible mitigation of such events is to slow down the learning process. This paper presents a novel approach to control the SGD learning rate, that uses two statistical tests. The first one, aime...

fat embolism syndrome is a clinical diagnosis, and diagnostic procedures are not specific. in every trauma patient, fat embolism syndrome has to be considered as a possibility and supportive treatment should begin as soon as possible. the authors reported a rare case of fat embolism syndrome whose only neurological symptom was motor aphasia. a young man sustained comminuted femoral shaft fractu...