The conversion of land functions can result in a decrease environmental quality, which reduce the diversity butterflies. This study aimed to determine level and find most abundant less butterfly species around campus 4 UAD. sampling was done at area, vacant land, rice fields housing sites. Each these sites had 2 plots consisted 5 subplots, respectively. Sampling carried out four times, morning ...

Morphology mediates the relationship between an organism's body temperature and its environment. Dark organisms, for example, tend to absorb heat more quickly than lighter individuals, which could influence their responses to temperature. Therefore, temperature-related traits such as morphology may affect patterns of species abundance, richness, and community assembly across a broad range of sp...

1. Although colour polymorphisms are a widespread and conspicuous component of extant biodiversity, the selective pressures that act to maintain multiple morphs within populations remain poorly understood in most cases. In particular, the role that visual system limitations may play in maintaining multiple colour morphs is not well explored. 2. We used a female-limited colour polymorphism commo...

A person must have a heart of stone to glimpse a butterfly flickering in flight across a sun-dappled field, and not feel a little frisson of simple joy at the sight. The editors of this useful and timely compendium in their introductory remarks (Pe’er and Settele, 2008a, this issue) aptly observe that much of the public’s sympathy for butterfly conservation comes from the “beauty and charisma o...

The butterfly Pieirs rapae drinks liquid using a long proboscis. A high pressure gradient is induced in the proboscis when cibarial pump muscles contract. However, liquid feeding through the long proboscis poses a disadvantage of high flow resistance. Hence, butterflies may possess special features to compensate for this disadvantage and succeed in foraging. The main objective of this study is ...