The hydrophobicity and anti-icing performance of the surfaces of some artificial hydrophobic coatings degraded after several icing and de-icing cycles. In this paper, the frost formation on the surfaces of butterfly wings from ten different species was observed, and the contact angles were measured after 0 to 6 frosting/defrosting cycles. The results show that no obvious changes in contact angl...

Flight ability is generally expected to increase with relative flight muscle mass. Changes in weight can therefore be expected to influence the capacity to rapidly take-off, which can determine mating success and predator avoidance. This study examined the influence of relative flight muscle mass, sex, and season on free take-off flight ability in a butterfly model (Aglais urticae) that undergo...

The dynamic vehicle routing problem (DVRP) is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in which customers appear dynamically. The objective is to determine a set of routes that minimizes the total travel distance. In this paper, we propose a monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) algorithm to solve DVRPs, utilizing a greedy strategy. Both migration operation and the butterfly adjusting oper...

Split-Radix Fast Fourier Transform (SRFFT) is mainly for the implementation of a low-power FFT processor. In FFT algorithms, SRFFT has less number of arithmetic operations. Twiddle factor is required in FFT addressing processors. The signal flow graph of SRFFT is the same as radix-2 FFT and so conventional addressing schemes is used in of SRFFT. However, it has improper arrangement of twiddle f...

Eyespot formation in butterfly wings has been explained by the concentration gradient model. However, this model has recently been questioned, and dynamic interactions between the black-inducing signal and its inhibitory signal have been proposed. Here, the validity of these models was examined using a nymphalid butterfly Junonia almana. Early focal damage to the major eyespots often made them ...

Recently, the use of Christia vespertilionis (L.) Bakh. f. decoction as anti-cancer agent has gained a lot of attention in Malaysia as an alternative medicine to the modern treatment [1]. This plant has been distributed and formulated as tea throughout Malaysia by traditional practitioners. It has gained a huge popularity among Malaysians, not only the cancer patient’s but researchers in Malays...

Bidirectional topologies are usually preferred over unidirectional ones. However, recent works have demonstrated that RUFT, a traffic-balancing routing algorithm on a Unidirectional Multistage Network (UMIN), can perform as well as a Bidirectional Multistage Network, but significantly reducing both implementation and operating costs. RUFT is a simplification of the k-ary n-tree topology, the mo...

Incremental model-update strategies are widely used in machine learning and data mining. By “incremental update” we refer to models that are updated many times using small subsets of the training data. Two wellknown examples are stochastic gradient and MCMC. Both provide fast sequential performance and have generated many of the best-performing methods for particular problems (logistic regressi...

The colour patterns and morphological peculiarities of the hindwings of several butterfly species result in the appearance of a head at the rear end of the insect's body. Although some experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the "false head" deflects predator attacks towards the rear end of the butterfly, more research is needed to determine the role of the different components of th...

Pneumonia affects so many people around the world, which leads to of them being killed. In order identify and diagnose disease, patient must first undergo an x-ray scan chest (CXR). Disease will be identified according CXR images. Software diagnostic tools are used help decision-making promote pneumonia diagnosis process. From these is gray level distribution moments (GLDM) algorithm for image ...