Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles or ICEVs play a major role in air pollution for big cities like Tehran. Catalyst converters manage to contain much of the generated pollution from combustion and are considered as a mandatory part of any vehicle. Manufacturer guidelines clarify a certain mileage for catalyst to be regarded as completely degraded and thus unable to contain harmful gasses from ...

abstract nowadaysphotovoltaic solar cells (pvs) areacknowledged the fastest growing energy technology in the word, however, they only account for only fraction of current global renewable energy capacity. it isrecognized that this incomplete market penetration has been largely a result of the technology’sexcessive cost. so researchers are trying to find innovative, economic way with theaim of ...

in this study, scour of mashkid bridge pier located in mashkid river of saravan county has been studied and to measure the scour rate, the numerical model hec-ras 4.0 has been used. upon selection of mashkid river as the case study and whereas the studied zone is important with respect to the climatic conditions and showery monsoon raining and flowing the great and destructive floodwaters, ther...

Aims: The development of large-scale construction projects has transformed the shape of cities towards specific objectives and based on economic and political perspectives that dominate policy-making and planning in cities. The purpose of the research was to study and analyze the spatiality of Mashhad construction mega-projects and to explain the constructive forces and dynamisms of these proje...

Background and Objective: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent used by the Iraqi forces during the Iraq-Iran war. So far some statistical methods have only been applied to discriminate between exposed and non-exposed Sardasht inhabitants, using immunological variables. This paper focuses on allocating objects to exposed and non-exposed groups and choosing the best model, using a vari...