Astaxanthin, a red C40 carotenoid, is one of the most abundant marine carotenoids. It is currently used as a food and feed additive in a hundred-ton scale and is furthermore an attractive component for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications with antioxidant activities. Corynebacterium glutamicum, which naturally synthesizes the yellow C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin, is an industrially releva...

The genome of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa encodes CAO-1 and CAO-2, two members of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase family that target double bonds in different substrates. Previous studies demonstrated the role of CAO-2 in cleaving the C40 carotene torulene, a key step in the synthesis of the C35 apocarotenoid pigment neurosporaxanthin. In this work, we investigated the activity of CAO-1,...

The microalga Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) can produce extracellular oil in the form of triterpenoid hydrocarbons up to 40 precent of their dry mass. These hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths ranging from C30 to C40 including botryococcene, squalene and methylated squalenes, are ideal for the production of high quality liquid transport fuels and petrochemical alternatives. However, comm...

Extensive work has been reported on modelling and optimization for different materials such as aluminum, iron, nickel-base alloy, C40 steel, mild steel, Ti6Al4V, HE15, 15CDV6, M-250, AISI D2 steel material etc. However model of process parameters for EDM technique on Ti-5Al-2.5Sn material has not been developed yet. Thus in the present work, an effort is made to develop model of material remova...

Corynebacterium glutamicum shows yellow pigmentation due to biosynthesis of the C50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glycosides. This bacterium has been engineered for production of various non-native cyclic C40 and C50 carotenoids such as β-carotene, astaxanthin or sarcinaxanthin. In this study, the effect of modulating gene expression more broadly by overexpression of sigma factor genes on...

A new terpene pyrophosphate synthetase (Enzyme II) distinct from the previously reported geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase (Enzyme I) has been isolated from extracts of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and partially purified. Enzyme II catalyzes the elongation of terpenoid ally1 pyrophosphates by isopentenyl pyrophosphate to long chain products. The order of effectiveness of various ally1 pyroph...

In this work we formulate the problem of image captioning as a multimodal translation task. Analogous to machine translation, we present a sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural networks (RNN) model for image caption generation. Different from most existing work where the whole image is represented by convolutional neural network (CNN) feature, we propose to represent the input image as a sequen...

In 2008, 55 of the world’s largest ports voluntarily adopted the World Ports Climate Declaration (WPCD) and the International Association of Ports and Harbours committed to long-term work on implementation through the World Ports Climate Initiative (WPCI). This article assesses the work of WPCI since 2008 and makes five recommendations that, if implemented, could support efforts to reduce the c...

The remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in a contaminated soil by electrokinetic (EK) treatment was studied the laboratory. effects applying constant electrical current on pH, moisture content, conductivity (EC), temperature, and concentrations three fractions TPH (C10–C16, C17–C34 C35–C40) were investigated. experiment run for seven days samples collected at end 7 day period analysis p...