Although considered one of the major energy-intensive industries (EIIs), pulp and paper industry has also potential for energy production from an industrial waste, black liquor. This study proposes liquor gasification (BLG) coupled with calcium looping (CaL) as a CO2 capture route industry. BLG H2 (BLG-CaL-H2), gas turbine combined cycle (BLG-CaL-GT) or solid oxide fuel cell (BLG-CaL-SOFC) were...

The influence of eight different ionic liquid (IL) solvents on the stability of the lipase Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) is investigated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Considered ILs contain cations that are based either on imidazolium or guanidinium as well as nitrate, tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate anions. Partial unfolding of CAL-B is observed during high-temperatu...

BACKGROUND Promoting awareness of autism in populations who work with children may result in an earlier diagnosis of the condition. In this study, a computer assisted learning (CAL) package, containing educationally appropriate knowledge about autism was developed; and the effectiveness of this CAL package was evaluated. METHODS The CAL package was developed using computer software, "Xerte" a...

Bufalin has been reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancers but little is demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The present study investigated the inhibition of proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic effects of bufalin in CAL 27 human oral cancer cells. Bufalin inhibited the growth of CAL 27 cells in a concen...

BACKGROUND 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is commonly used as a marker to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in disorders including chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory periodontal pathologies. In the current study we hypothesized that the level of 8-OHdG in saliva increases by the periodontal destruction severity determined by clinical parameters as clinical attachment level (CAL). ...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate whether clinical attachment loss (CAL), a measure of the severity of periodontal disease or number of teeth present is associated with bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS The study population consisted of 5383 people aged 50 years and older who participated in the Dong-gu Study. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptio...

The PDZ domain-containing protein CAL mediates lysosomal trafficking and degradation of CFTR. Here we demonstrate the involvement of a CAL-binding SNARE protein syntaxin 6 (STX6) in this process. Overexpression of STX6, which colocalizes and coimmunoprecipitates with CAL, dramatically reduces the steady-state level and stability of CFTR. Conversely, overexpression of a STX6 dominant-negative mu...

Learning is basically a social process. Experiences with Computer Supported Learning (CAL) over the last thirty years have shown that technology cannot substitute for some of the essential elements of this process, e.g. personal communication, face-toface collaboration, positive and negative reinforcement through fellow students, etc. Today, with local and wide area networks becoming a reality,...