Tranexamic acid derivatives modified by amino acids, i.e. tranexamic acid-His, tranexamic acid-Leu-His, tranexamic acid-Glu-Phe, tranexamic acid-Glu-Lys, tranexamic acid-Ser-Tyrand, tranexamic acid-Ser-Phe, were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis, purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by 1H and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometr...

BACKGROUND To investigate the usefulness of popliteal artery spectral doppler findings as a complimentary approach to isolated calf vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIAL/METHODS We included consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic and sonographically proven acute isolated calf DVT. Patients with thrombosis of any other vein were excluded. We classified calf vein into into four main types. W...

Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers and cell bodies were examined in the forestomach mucosa of the calf and cow pretreated with colchicine, using thick (100 microns) floating sections. Intraepithelial nerve fibers were identified, appearing only rarely in the rumen and reticulum, and completely absent from the omasum. Nerve fibers were observed in the lamina propria of all the regions of th...

Relationships among plasma hormonal and metabolic variables in the last trimester of gestation in 59 Piedmontese dams (n = 15 heifers, n = 44 cows) and the calf birth weight (BWT) class of their offspring were investigated in seven herds. The BWT data were categorized as follows: > 50 kg (BWT-A), 46 to 50 kg (BWT-B), 41 to 45 kg (BWT-C), and < 41 kg (BWT-D). Blood samples were collected at 33, ...

Dairy calves are extremely susceptible to gastrointestinal disease during the preweaned period. The risk for enteric disease decreases as the calf ages; therefore, it is important to break the pre-weaned period up into at least 2 distinct phases that likely need to be managed differently, early life (first couple weeks of life) and the remaining time the calf is fed milk or milk replacer. When ...

BACKGROUND Because venous ultrasound (US) fails to fully image the calf veins, there is the potential for US gold standard studies to classify patients with calf deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the nondiseased category, causing bias in test index calculations. A false increase in negative predictive value (NPV) is especially likely because calf DVT false-negative tests will be counted in the nu...

Conventional dairy farming practices usually involve early separation of calves from their dams. Cow-calf contact (CCC) systems may offer an alternative rearing solution that allows for the expression natural behaviours, such as suckling and bonding. However, literature exploring effects CCC on lying behaviours lactating cows is limited. Thus, aims this study were to assess: (1) with without ac...

Congenital anomalies in offspring of natural breedings are often a result of environmental factors, genetic factors, or both. A 21-day-old male Simental female calf was submitted to our clinic with abnormal severe green mucoid nasal discharge from both nostrils. At necropsy, the calf showed multiple defects, including cleft palate, hydrocephalus, diphragmatic hernia and freemartinism. The cause...

Leg pain is a common presentation to the outpatient department. Bilateral calf chronic compartment syndrome is a rare cause of bilateral calf pain. Although this condition has been well documented in young athletes, it has rarely been reported in the elderly. We present the case of a 68-year-old male bodybuilder with bilateral calf chronic compartment syndrome, describe the presentation and eva...

Dairy calves are extremely susceptible to gastro-intestinal disease during the pre-weaned period. The risk for enteric disease decreases as the calf ages; therefore, it is important to break the pre-weaned period up into at least 2 distinct phases that likely need to be managed differently, early life (1st and maybe the 2nd week of life) and the remaining time the calf is fed fluid. When a calf...