Paradox of choice occurs when permitting new strategies to some players yields lower payoffs for all players in the new equilibrium via a sequence of individually rational actions. We consider social network games. In these games the payoff of each player increases when other players choose the same strategy. The definition of games on social networks was introduced by K. Apt and S. Simon. In a...

There is a paradox in the model of social dynamics determined by voting in a stochastic environment (the ViSE model) called “pit of losses.” It consists in the fact that a series of democratic decisions may systematically lead the society to the states unacceptable for all the voters. The paper examines how this paradox can be neutralized by the presence in society of a group that votes for its...

Differences between European countries in coronary heart disease mortality were initially described in the 20th century, and albeit less dramatic than first reported, these differences remain substantial. Three main hypotheses have been proposed to explain the so-called "Mediterranean paradox": a) underestimation of coronary heart disease mortality due to methodological flaws; b) the "lag time"...

Obesity, a risk factor for de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD), confers survival advantages in advanced CKD. This so-called obesity paradox is the archetype of the reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risks, in addition to the lipid, blood pressure, adiponectin, homocysteine, and uric acid paradoxes. These paradoxical phenomena are in sharp contradistinction to the known epidemiology of card...

The classical interpretation of probability together with the Principle of Indifference are formulated in terms of probability measure spaces in which the probability is given by the Haar measure. A notion called Labeling Irrelevance is defined in the category of Haar probability spaces, it is shown that Labeling Irrelevance is violated and Bertrand’s Paradox is interpreted as the very proof of...

during the past decade in iran, information technology (it) has had a deep impact on economy. many companies have invested on it and it’s complementary. despite a vast percentage of firm’s budget is spent on it continues increasingly, there are evidence which has been illustrate on failure of firms in obtaining the benefits of these expenditures within expected period. this fact nevertheless ha...

abstract I examine the implications of technological change for productivity, real wages and factor shares during industrial revolution using recently available data. This shows that GDP per worker grew faster than consumption earnings but labour’s share national income changed little as product at a similar rate to labour productivity in medium term. The period saw modest total growth which li...

This paper models the firm’s production process as a system of simultaneous technologies for desirable and undesirable outputs. Desirable outputs are produced by transforming inputs via the conventional transformation function, whereas (consistent with the material balance condition) undesirable outputs are by-produced via the so-called “residual generation technology”. By separating the produc...

Topological semantics appears to be the first semantics suggested for modal logic in 1938 by Tsao-Chen [9]. Picking up from Tsao-Chen’s work, McKinsey (later with Tarski) incorporated various other algebraic and topological tools into modal logic, always remaining within the limits of classical logic [4, 6, 5, 7]. However, the strength of topological semantics arguably comes from its versatilit...