A canonical transformation is performed on the phase space of a number of homogeneous cosmologies to simplify the form of the scalar (or, Hamiltonian) constraint. Using the new canonical coordinates, it is then easy to obtain explicit expressions of Dirac observables, i.e. phase space functions which commute weakly with the constraint. This, in turn, enables us to carry out a general quantizati...

Transformation of macrophages to foam cells contributes to atherosclerosis. Here, we report that let-7g reduces macrophage transformation and alleviates foam cell apoptosis by suppressing both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. In the canonical pathway, let-7g inhibits phosphorylation of IKKβ and IκB, down-regulates SREBF2 and miR-33a, and up-regulates ABCA1. In the non-canonical pathw...

There are several possibilities of formulating the classical Hamiltonian theory of pure Einstein gravity. The traditional one, proposed by Arnowitt-DeserMisner, is in terms of a canonical pair (gab, π ) of a Riemannian three-metric and its conjugate momentum. Introducing local, rotational SO(3)-degrees of freedom, one obtains a closely related formulation, based on a variable pair (E i ,K i a),...

We define a quantum–mechanical time operator that is selfadjoint and compatible with the energy operator having a spectrum bounded from below. On their common domain, the operators of time and energy satisfy the expected canonical commutation relation. Pauli’s theorem is bypassed because the correspondence between time and energy is not given by the standard Fourier transformation, but by a var...

An alternative derivation of the Pegg-Barnett phase operator is presented. This approach is based on the properties of the representation in quantum mechanics of a nonlinear nonbijective canonical transformation. It does not use as its starting point either a finite-dimensional space or the definition of phase states. The features of this formalism are analyzed in terms of this transformation. ...

This paper introduces the multivariate alteration detection (MAD) transformation which is based on the established canonical correlation analysis. The MAD transformation is invariant to linear scaling. It is therefore insensitive to for example differences in gain settings in a measuring device. Other multivariate change detection schemes described are principal component type analysis of simpl...

Traditional stimulus-based analysis methods of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data are often dissatisfactory when applied to naturalistic experiments where two or more subjects are measured either simultaneously or sequentially. To uncover the commonalities in the brain activity of the two subjects, we propose a method that searches for linear transformations that output maximally correlated sign...