Distribution of goods is of importance in logistics and supply chain management. The target of a distribution network is to specify the beneficial way for delivering goods and commodities from supply to demand points. In distribution domain, this activity can usually be viewed as a capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). As the CVRP solutions remain computationally intractable, we develop i...

The hierarchical hub covering facility location problems are applied to distribution systems, transportation, waste disposal, treatment services, emergency services and remote communication. The problems attempt to determine the location of service providers' facilities at different levels and specify their linking directions in order to reduce costs and to establish an appropriate condition in...