The importance of increments to an existing highway system depends upon the values they add to the pre-existing network. Over 50 years ago, Mohring [1965] suggested this logic for planning optimal highway investment programs. Moreover he argued it could be implemented by measuring the quasi-rents generated by specific additions to an existing roadway system. To our knowledge no one has managed ...

It is often the case that analyses of human interactive activity are lost once an article is written about the results obtained. Although it is clear that corpora are gathered in order to answer particular research questions and that already collected corpora are often not adapted for answering new research questions, it is still interesting to reflect upon the capitalization and exploitation o...

It is often the case that analyses of human interactive activity are lost once an article is written about the results obtained. Although it is clear that corpora are gathered in order to answer particular research questions and that already collected corpora are often not adapted for answering new research questions, it is still interesting to reflect upon the capitalization and exploitation o...

Can Noise Create the Size and Value Effects? Small-capitalization and value stocks are likely to predominantly have negative noise, while large-capitalization and growth stocks are likely to have positive noise, if prices contain random noise. Negative price noise implies that small-capitalization and value stocks are more likely undervalued and thus have higher expected return than justified b...

We analyze the impact of changes in thin capitalization rules on corporations' capital structure. Thin capitalization rules prevent rms from deducting excessive interest expenses from their tax base. As of 2008, Germany has severely changed its thin capitalization rule by targeting interest payments instead of debt to equity ratios. The new rule has primarily been introduced to prohibit tax avo...

While residents receive similar benefits from many local government programs, only about one-third of all households have children in public schools. We argue that capitalization of school spending into house prices can encourage even childless residents to support spending on schools. We identify a proxy for the extent of capitalization—the supply of land available for new development—and show...

cage birds like canaries can potentially harbor human pathogens and contribute to transmission and spread of drug resistant infectious agents to human. considering many people's interests to keep canaries, present study was conducted in canaries from yazd to investigate the beta-lactam antibiotics resistant escherichia coli. 109 e. coli isolates from canary faeces in yazd were evaluated to...