In the normal aging process, apoptosis has been implicated as a mechanism responsible for the loss of muscle cells and plays an important role in age-related muscle loss. Several signaling pathways involved in skeletal muscle apoptosis are currently under intense investigation, particularly the caspase-independent pathway. This study investigated the age-related apoptotic changes occurring in t...

Wild and cultivated species of soybeans have coexisted for 5000 years in China. Despite this long history, there is very little information on the genetic relationship of Glycine soja and G. max. To gain insight into the major events in the history of the subgenus Soja, we examined 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of a large number of accessions (910). The results showed no significant d...

Euglena gracilis, Nutrition, Magnesium Deficiency, Magnesium Transport In order to obtain a model which allows to directly study Mg2+ influx into the cell, Mg2+ deficiency was induced in the unicellular photoautotrophic flagellate Euglena gracilis. Lack of Mg2+ in the culture medium leads to a number of morphological, biochemical, and physio­ logical changes in Euglena gracilis. The rate of cel...

The hamstring tendons are an increasingly popular graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction due to preservation of quadriceps function and the absence of anterior knee pain post-operatively. Two commonly used hamstring grafts are a quadruple strand semitendinosus graft (4ST) and a double strand semitendinosus-double strand gracilis graft (2ST-2G). It has been suggested that con...

The lizard genus Liolaemus is endemic to temperate South America and includes 190 species. Liolaemus bibronii has a large geographic distribution and inhabits a great diversity of habitats, including the Monte, Steppe, and high Andean grassland environments. Liolaemus gracilis has a similar body size and shape to L. bibronii; the two are parapatrically distributed, and L. gracilis is also widel...

this paper presents a total of 11 known crustacean parasite species from 51 host species belonging to 7 families, with 17 genera reported from cultured and wild fishes in three faunal regions of iran. among them, one belonging to branchiura order, namely argulus foliaceus, was found on capoeta capoeta in makoo reservoir as well as on cyprinus carpio, chalcalburnus sp., hypophthalmichthys molitr...

khorasan-e-razavi province in the northeast of iran possesses varied climatic and geographical conditions that lead to a rich biodiversity. an investigation on the status of the fish fauna was carried out from march to october 2013. a total of 401 specimens was collected and identified, from 30 localities among seven counties in this province. sampling was performed using hand net, cast net and...

Species diversity in skinks in the genus Brachymeles recently has undergone a state of flux, with numerous taxonomic discoveries over the past few years. Newly available, robust data sets from morphological data and molecular sequences have revealed that taxonomic diversity within this unique group of lizards is substantially underestimated. In this third recent monographic revision of a major ...

Background: Functional free gracilis muscle transfer is an operative procedure for elbow reconstruction in patients with complete brachial plexus nerve and avulsion injuries and in delayed or prolonged nerve denervation, as well as in patients with inadequate upper extremity function after primary nerve reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our patient records and identified 24 p...