Introduction: Hypervelocity impacts on the surface of growing planets may generate impact-induced vapor clouds and many chemical species are produced within such vapor clouds. These species may control the surface environments of the planets, such as temperature and redox state of the atmosphere. It is, thus, important to understand the composition of gases produced within an impact-induced vap...

All aerobic methanotrophic bacteria described to date are unable to grow on substrates containing carbon-carbon bonds. Here we demonstrate that members of the recently discovered genus Methylocella are an exception to this. These bacteria are able to use as their sole energy source the one-carbon compounds methane and methanol, as well as the multicarbon compounds acetate, pyruvate, succinate, ...

During photosynthesis, energy from solar radiation is used to convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into intermediates that are used within and outside the chloroplast for a multitude of metabolic pathways. The daily fixed carbon is exported from the chloroplasts as triose phosphates and 3-phosphoglycerate. In contrast, nongreen plastids rely on the import of carbon, mainly hexose phosphates. Most...

ranular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption has been identified by the Safe Drinking Water Act amendments of 1986 as the best available technology for removing synthetic organic contaminants (SOCs) from drinking water supplies.1 GAC is particularly suited for treating water because it effectively removes a wide range of organic compounds and can protect water supplies from such transient occurren...

Thermodynamic methods to predict true yield and stoichiometry of bacterial reactions have been widely used in biotechnology and environmental engineering. However, yield predictions are often inaccurate for certain simple organic compounds. This work evaluates an existing method and identifies the cause of prediction errors for compounds with low degree of reductance of carbon. For these compou...

The superior adsorption capacity of carbon nanotubes has been well recognized and there is a wealth of information in the literature concerning the adsorption of unionized organic pollutants on carbon nanotubes. Recently, the adsorption of emerging environmental pollutants, most of which are ionizable, has attracted increasing attention due to the heightened concerns about the accumulation of t...

The nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea can obtain all its carbon for growth from CO(2) and all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of NH(3) and is considered an obligate chemolithoautotroph. Previous studies have shown that N. europaea can utilize limited amounts of certain organic compounds, including amino acids, pyruvate, and acetate, although no organic compound h...

BACKGROUND Escherichia coli strains lacking the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) are capable of coutilizing glucose and other carbon sources due to the absence of catabolite repression by glucose. In these strains, the lack of this important regulatory and transport system allows the coexistence of glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. Strains lacking PTS have ...

features, which are used in the field of bioactive materials as medicine or agricultural chemicals and functional materials as polymers or liquid crystals. Therefore, many people have actively investigated the synthesis and/or the reaction of fluorinated compounds, and there are a lot of reports about them. On the other hand, the formation of a quaternary carbon center has recently attracted gr...

A new category of amphiphilic hydrolyzable quaternary ammonium compounds with rapid and high levels of antimicrobial activity was studied. The compounds, alkanoylcholines with hydrocarbon chains of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, are hydrolyzed by butyrylcholine esterase, which is present in human serum and mucosal membranes. The hydrolysis products are common components of human metabolism. Alkanoylcho...