Recently, cellulose has been re-discovered as a smart material that can be used as sensor and actuator materials, which is termed electro-active paper (EAPap). This paper reports recent advances in paper actuators made with cellulose and hybrid materials such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers and ionic liquids. Two distinct actuator principles in EAPap actuators are demonstr...

The deposits of hydrocarbons in the crust of the Earth have long been regarded by many investigators as deriving from materials incorporated in the mantle at the time of the Earth's formation. Outgassing processes, active in all geological epochs, then transported the liquids and gases liberated there into porous rocks of the crust. The alternative viewpoint, that biological debris was the sour...

Regioselective reaction of a lithium organocuprate (R2CuLi) and a polyconjugated carbonyl compound affords a remote-conjugate-addition product. This reaction proceeds particularly cleanly when the conjugation is terminated by a C-C triple bond. The reaction pathways and the origin of the regioselectivity of this class of transformations are explored with the aid of density functional calculatio...

A newly developed isotope ratio laser spectrometer for CO2 analyses has been tested during a tracer experiment at the Ketzin pilot site (northern Germany) for CO2 storage. For the experiment, 500 tons of CO2 from a natural CO2 reservoir was injected in supercritical state into the reservoir. The carbon stable isotope value (δ(13)C) of injected CO2 was significantly different from background val...

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is often assumed to encompass an entire population. However, bimodal nighttime vertical distributions have been observed in various taxa. Mysid shrimp populations also display this pattern with one group concentrated in the pelagia and the other near the bottom. This may indicate alternative migratory strategies, resembling the seasonal partial migrations seen in b...

The traditional picture of a carbon nanotube as a rolled graphene sheet implies that the mechanisms of intra-layer atomic processes in the two systems should be qualitatively similar. Using density-functional theory and tight-binding methods we show that the mechanism of single vacancy migration in nanotubes is different from that in graphite, as the curvature of the nanotube atomic network bre...

In migratory birds, seasonal factors interacting at different stages of the annual cycle can influence individual life histories. These have been well documented for Nearctic-Neotropical birds. Yet, seasonal interactions between the wintering, migration, and breeding periods have not been demonstrated for Palearctic-African passerine migrants. We tested whether variation in longand shortterm di...

By using current biological understanding, a conceptually simple, but mathematically complex, model is proposed for the dynamics of the gene circuit responsible for regulating nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) in yeast. A variety of mathematical "structure" theorems are described that allow one to determine the asymptotic dynamics of complicated systems under very weak hypotheses. It is show...

Increased adipose tissue macrophages contribute to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme with potent anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic activities in macrophages. However, the role of macrophage HO-1 on obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in C57BL/6J mice in...