This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of four carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs)--single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), aqueous phase C60 nanoparticles (aq-nC60), and colloidal graphite--in gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The potential impacts of CBNs on microorganisms in natural and engineered aquatic systems are also evaluated. SWNTs inactivate...

1. A technique for determining the respiratory response to carbon dioxide on the Peabody principle is described. 2. The relation between minute volume of total pulmonary ventilation and percentage of carbon dioxide in the inspired air can be expressed by a simple mathematical formula, viz. Y = K + ab(z), in which Y is the ventilation rate, X is the CO(2) content of the inspired air, and K, a, a...

This study has examined the effect of low seawater pH values (induced by an increased CO2 partial pressure) on the rates of photosynthesis, as well as on the carbon budget and carbon translocation in the scleractinian coral species Stylophora pistillata, using a new model based on 13C labelling of the photosynthetic products. Symbiont photosynthesis contributes to a large part of the carbon acq...

Vegetation biomass is a crucial ecological variable for understanding the evolution and potential future changes of the climate system. Vegetation biomass is a larger global store of carbon than the atmosphere, and changes in the amount of vegetation biomass already affect the global atmosphere by being a net source of carbon, and having the potential either to sequester carbon in the future or...

To interact with different biologic systems for biomedical applications, chemical modification of carbon nanotubes is always a key step. Disulfide is sensitive to the reductive intracellular environment, and such stimulus-responsive covalent bonds were used to modify carbon nanotubes. After deprotection of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) groups of the N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl) cystamine modified mu...

The e ects of carbon emissions have been the objective of an investigation that was based on the model of the nation-wide transportation system with railway, waterway, and roadway. The dynamics of such a complex phenomenon depends on a set of control variables (i.e., the percentage of carbon tax on the fuel cost, the operational cost coverages, and growth rates of the various transportation mod...

In order to find out the advantages and disadvantages of various development methods of coal bed gas, the experimental block provided by the field is studied, the component calculation model is established by CMG numerical simulation software on the basis of fine geologic modeling. Four development schemes are designed which are depleted development, development of hydraulic fracturing, develop...

Catches of mosquitoes and sand flies in CO, traps baited with three different lures and an unbaited control were compared. The lures examined were carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide plus l-octen-3-ol, and carbon dioxide plus human hair in ethanol. Studies using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with 3 sets of 4 consecutive trap nights, were conducted between August 6 and September 10, 2007. The study si...

Metal-doped diamond-like carbon films were produced for the purpose of an electrochemical nanoelectrode. In this study we use Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy to directly observe metal cluster formation and distributions within the chromium-doped carbon films. At low doping ~;6 at. % Cr!, Cr is uniformly distributed within the C matrix; at high doping ~;12 at. % Cr!, Cr-rich...