Corrosion tests of 1015 low-carbon steel and two stainless steels (410 and 316L) were conducted in a pure zinc bath (99.98 wt pct Zn) in order to better understand the reaction mechanisms that occur during the degradation of submerged hardware at industrial general (batch) galvanizing operations. Through this testing, it was found that, in general, 316L stainless steel showed the best dissoluti...

Original scientific paper Stress measurement by using ultrasonic waves is based on acoustoelasticity law, i. e. the relation between stress and wave velocity in engineering materials. Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave is a popular ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic stress measurement application. The LCR wave is a bulk longitudinal wave that travels within an effective depth underneat...

Carbon Border Tax Adjustments (BTAs) are a politically popular strategy for avoiding competitive disadvantage problems when a country implements a unilateral climate change policy. A BTA taxes carbon embodied in imported goods in order to protect domestic industry and motivate other countries to implement climate change policy. To estimate the effectiveness of a BTA, is it is necessary to know ...

The anomalous low friction of diamondlike carbon coated surfaces lubricated by pure glycerol was observed at 80 °C. Steel surfaces were coated with an ultrahard 1 μm thick hydrogen-free tetrahedral coordinated carbon ta-C layer produced by physical vapor deposition. In the presence of glycerol, the friction coefficient is below 0.01 at steady state, corresponding to the so-called superlubricity...

The present paper is concerned to the theoretical and experimental study of the growth kinetics of allotriomorphic ferrite in medium carbon vanadium-titanium microalloyed steel. A theoretical model is presented in this work to calculate the evolution of austenite-to-allotriomorphic ferrite transformation with time at a very wide temperature range. At temperatures above eutectoid temperature, wh...

-AISI D3 tool steel is a high-carbon, highchromium, oil-hardening tool steel that is characterized by a relatively high attainable hardness and numerous, large, chromium-rich alloy carbides in the microstructure. These carbides provide good resistance to wear from sliding contact with other metals and abrasive materials. Typical applications for D3 tool steel include Blanking, stamping, and col...

Oscillation marks accompanied by sub-surface hooks routinely appear on the surface of continuously cast steel slabs, and are especially severe in ultralow carbon steel. This paper presents a new detailed mechanism for their formation, which has been developed by combining existing theoretical modeling results, experimental observations, and analyses based on optical and scanning electron micros...

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are an efficient technology for generating hydrogen gas from organic matter, but alternatives to precious metals are needed for cathode catalysts. We show here that high surface area stainless steel brush cathodes produce hydrogen at rates and efficiencies similar to those achieved with platinum-catalyzed carbon cloth cathodes in single-chamber MECs. Using a ...

Several weathering steels and a plain carbon steel exposed to atmosphere for 17 years at Yokkaichi (at a coastal and industrial region) and Mikuni Pass (at a rural region) in Japan were analyzed and compared to find effects of environments on the formed rusts. Specimens were examined with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Th...

This paper examines the GHG emission of industrial process in Shenyang city, in the Liaoning province of China, using the 2006 IPCC greenhouse gas inventory guideline. Results show that the total GHG emissions of industrial process has increased, from 1.48 Mt in 2004 to 4.06 Mt in 2009, except for a little decrease in 2008. The cement industry, and iron and steel industries, are the main emissi...