In this paper we present a discussion of a phenomenological model of the MAPK cascade which was originally proposed by Angeli et al. (PNAS 101, 1822 (2004)). The model and its solution are extended in several respects: a) an analytical solution is given for the cascade equilibria, exploiting a parameter-based symmetry of the rate equations; b) we discuss the cooperativity (Hill coefficients) of...

A model of scalar turbulent advection in compressible flow is analytically investigated. It is shown that, depending on the dimensionality d of space and the degree of compressibility of the smooth advecting velocity field, the cascade of the scalar is direct or inverse. If d . 4 the cascade is always direct. For a small enough degree of compressibility, the cascade is direct again. Otherwise i...

We give a simple, semianalytic theory of the development of the hadronic and neutrino/muon components of a cascade induced by a primary which produces hadrons at the initial interaction. The main purpose of the theory is to allow the user to obtain quick, but reasonably reliable estimates of the longitudinal properties of such cascades developing in a medium, such as a stellar interior, the atm...

Cascade-Correlation produces networks with all possible feed-forward connections. The pruning of redundant connections using a simple saliency measure is examined, along with three methods for stopping the pruning process which may be used with any network type. The methods are shown to be effective and it is further shown that a large number of redundant connections may be located and removed ...

We revisit the cascade algorithm for the all pairs shortest path (APSP) problem. The operation on the distace data is limited to the triple operation of min{a, b + c}. The best known complexity on this model is n by Floyd’s algorithm. The cascade algorithm takes 2n opearations. We first improve this bound to n, that is, on a par with Floyd’s algorithm. Then we implement the improved version on ...

tic neuropathies. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48(1): 12-38. 2. Saito W, Kase S, Yoshida K, et al. Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation in a patient with cancer-associated retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(5):942-945. 3. Weleber RG, Watzke RC, Shults WT, et al. Clinical and electrophysiologic characterization of paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathies associated with antienolase ...

Neural network modeling typically ignores the role of knowledge in learning by starting from random weights. A new algorithm extends cascade-correlation by recruiting previously learned networks as well as single hidden units. Knowledge-based cascade-correlation (KBCC) finds, adapts, and uses its relevant knowledge to speed learning. In this paper, we describe KBCC and illustrate its performanc...

A new strategy for organocatalysis based on the biochemical blueprints of biosynthesis has enabled a new laboratory approach to cascade catalysis. Imidazolidinone-based catalytic cycles, involving iminium and enamine activation, have been successfully combined to allow a large diversity of nucleophiles (furans, thiophenes, indoles, butenolides, hydride sources, tertiary amino lactone equivalent...

The theoretical literature on "herding" pertains to situations where people with private, incomplete information make public decisions in sequence. Hence, the first few decision makers reveal their information, and subsequent decision makers may follow an established pattern even when their private information suggests that they should deviate. This type of "information cascade" can occur with ...