Abstract Based on suggested interactions of potential tipping elements in the Earth’s climate and ecological systems, cascades as possible dynamics are increasingly discussed studied. The activation such would impose a considerable risk for human societies biosphere integrity. However, there ambiguities description within literature so far. Here we illustrate how different patterns multiple eme...

The process of human blood clotting involves a complex interaction of continuous-time/continuous-state processes and discrete-event/discrete-state phenomena, where the former comprise the various chemical rate equations and the latter comprise both thresholdlimited behaviors and binary states (presence/absence of a chemical). Whereas previous blood-clotting models used only continuous dynamics ...

Abstract—The fractional–order proportional integral (FOPI) controller tuning rules based on the fractional calculus for the cascade control system are systematically proposed in this paper. Accordingly, the ideal controller is obtained by using internal model control (IMC) approach for both the inner and outer loops, which gives the desired closed-loop responses. On the basis of the fractional ...

The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) consists of two major cascades in mammals: "plasma KKS" consisting of high molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen (KNG), plasma kallikrein (KLKB1), and bradykinin (BK); and "tissue KKS" consisting of low molecular-weight (LMW) KNG, tissue kallikreins (KLKs), and [Lys(0)]-BK. Some components of the KKS have been identified in the fishes, but systematic analyses have n...

The Escherichia coli type I-E CRISPR-Cas system Cascade effector is a multisubunit complex that binds CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Through its 32-nucleotide spacer sequence, Cascade-bound crRNA recognizes protospacers in foreign DNA, causing its destruction during CRISPR interference or acquisition of additional spacers in CRISPR array during primed CRISPR adaptation. Within Cascade, the crRNA spacer in...

the interaction between molecular biology and embryology made an extensive progress in the research on gametogenesis, fertilization and early embryogenesis in mice. in this article, molecules involving in meiotic maturation and apoptosis of oocytes, sperm-oocyte interactions and early cleavage of fertilized embryos in mice are described including our recent following experiments. 1) phosphatidy...

The Cascade Parallel Processing Framework (PPF) is a user level library that facilitates manual parallelization of complex C++ systems. In Cascade, processing duties of the system are enclosed in a Cascade Task. Tasks are linked by dependencies in a task dependency graph. The task graph is traversed at runtime by the Cascade Job Manager who assigns tasks to threads for execution. The Job Manage...

A unified approach to power system security assessment and contingency analysis suitable for on-line applications is proposed. The severity of the contingency is measured by two scalar Performance Indices (PIs): Voltage-reactive power performance index, PIVQ and line MVA performance index, PIMVA. In this paper, a two stage cascade neural network is developed: Stage I employs Multi-Layer Percept...

Sensitive detection of nitric oxide (NO) at ppbv concentration levels has an important impact in diverse fields of applications including environmental monitoring, industrial process control and medical diagnostics. For example, NO can be used as a biomarker of asthma and inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Trace gas sensor systems capable of high sensitivi...

Nitrous oxide net exchange in a beech dominated mixed forest in Switzerland measured with a quantum cascade laser spectrometer W. Eugster, K. Zeyer, M. Zeeman, P. Michna, A. Zingg, N. Buchmann, and L. Emmenegger Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland G...