Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a nutrient-regulated intestinotrophic hormone derived from proglucagon in the distal intestine. Enteral nutrients (EN) potentiate the action of GLP-2 to reverse parenteral nutrition (PN)-induced mucosal hypoplasia. The objective was to determine what enteral protein component, casein, soy, or whey protein, potentiates the intestinal growth response to GLP-2 in...

The relationship between the alpha and alpha' subunits of casein kinase II was studied. For this study, a rapid scheme for the purification of the enzyme from bovine testis was developed. Using a combination of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose, hydroxylapatite, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and heparin-agarose, the enzyme was purified approximately 7,000-fold. The purifica...

Proteins in bovine milk are a common source of bioactive peptides. The peptides are released by the digestion of caseins and whey proteins. Peptides derived from the different genetic variants A, B, C, E, F1, F2, G1, G2, H, I, and J of bovine kappa-casein (CSN3) were investigated for their inhibitory activities against angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). Amino acid sequences of the CSN3 vari...

Whey protein is generally found to be faster digested and to promote faster and higher increases in plasma amino acid concentrations during the immediate ~60 min following protein ingestion compared to casein. The aim of the present study was to compare three different whey protein hydrolysates with varying degrees of hydrolysis (DH, % cleaved peptide bonds) to evaluate if the degree of whey pr...

The aim of this study was to produce a colloidally stable whey protein concentrate enriched in β-casein. Microfiltration (MF) skim milk completed at ∼7 °C (pore size 0.1 μm) followed by ultrafiltration the MF permeate ∼9 β-casein-whey fraction (BWPC). casein:whey ratio BWPC system ∼25:75. Skim then added retentate level supplying 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% (w/w) total protein, evaporation spray dryin...

Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a heterogeneous disease and characterized by the differentiation of neoplastic epithelium into squamous cells and/or mesenchymal elements. MpBC rare but very aggressive presents high rates recurrence, poor survival outcomes, response to current chemotherapies optimized for other subtypes. To date, there are no established treatments MpBCs, due paucity clinica...

BACKGROUND Cross-reactivity between soybean allergens and bovine caseins has been previously reported. In this study we aimed to map epitopes of the major soybean allergen Gly m 5 that are co-recognized by casein specific antibodies, and to identify a peptide responsible for the cross-reactivity. METHODS Cow's milk protein (CMP)-specific antibodies were used in different immunoassays (immunob...

Genes encoding three putative endopeptidases were identified from a draft-quality genome sequence of Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 and designated pepO3, pepF, and pepE2. The ability of cell extracts from Escherichia coli DH5alpha derivatives expressing CNRZ32 endopeptidases PepE, PepE2, PepF, PepO, PepO2, and PepO3 to hydrolyze the model bitter peptides, beta-casein (beta-CN) (f193-209) and a...