The present study explored the effects of alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals (•OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. The data displayed that •OH induced the increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of R...

the pathogenesis of equine grass sickness (egs) has not fully understood. a better understanding of the exact pathogenesis of diseases can help to make an accurate diagnosis. previous studies reported some pathological damage of neuronal cells in egs patients. in this study, primarily cytotoxicity of serum from three clinically egs-diagnosed horses on pc12 tet-off (pto) cells was assessed. subs...

luteolin is a flavone in medicinal plants as well as some vegetables and spices. it is a natural anti-oxidant with less pro-oxidant potential but apparently with a better safety profile. the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of luteolin-mediated apoptosis of mg-63 human osteosarcoma cells. mtt assay kit was employed to evaluate the effects of luteolin on mg-63 cel...

programmed cell death is a highly regulated form of cell death, mostly distinguished by the activation of a family of cystein-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. several recent studies have addressed the role of programmed cell death in inflammatory and chronic pain states. casp...

objective we have previously shown that rose bengal (rb) alone, not as a photosensitiser, could induce apoptotic- and non-apoptotic cell death in different melanoma cell lines. to clarify rb-induced toxicity mechanisms, role of caspases and reactive oxygen specious (ros) were studied in melanoma cells. material and methods human melanoma cell lines, me 4405 and sk-mel-28 were cultured in dmem m...

objective(s):pharmacological studies showed that the extracts of jin yin hua and its active constituents have lipid lowering, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, antimicrobial, antibiotic, antioxidative, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of caffeoylquinic acids (cqas) from jin yin hua against hydrogen ...

background and aims. there is no report on the apoptotic impact of allium sativum l. (garlic) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (kb); hence, this study was designed to survey the apoptotic effects of garlic fresh juice (gfj) on the kb cells. materials and methods. mtt assay (microculture tetrazolium assay) was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxicity of gfj on kb cells. furthermore, tunel (te...

the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of gallic acid on gastric mucosal lesions caused by ischemia-reperfusion (i/r) injury in rat. forty male rats were randomly divided into sham, control (i/r injury) and three gallic acid-pretreated groups. to induce i/r lesions, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min and then the clamp was removed to allow reperfusion for 6 hr. pretreat...

Background MicroRNAs are small and non-coding RNA molecules with approximately 22 nt in length that cause inhibition of translation or degradation of mRNA. MiR-155 is a kind of molecule with different functions, such as its role in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation, and immunity. One of its best known functions is apoptosis that affects on caspase-3 activity. The main aim...

The proton-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) 4 (GPR4) is constitutively active at physiological pH, and GPR4 knockout protected dopaminergic neurons from caspase-dependent mitochondria-associated apoptosis. This study explored the role of in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse model Parkinson’s disease (PD). In mice, subchronic MPTP administration cause...