The present review surveys current chemical understanding of catalysis by addition and removal of an electron. As an overarching theme of this type of catalysis, we introduce the role of redox scales in oxidation and reduction reactions as a direct analogue of pKa scales in acid/base catalysis. Each scale is helpful in determining the type of reactivity to be expected. In addition, we describe ...

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attention as a new type of prospective material with various merits and functionalities. MOFs can either act as biomimetic catalysts to mimic enzymatic activities or serve as hosts to encapsulate bio-active species for biomimetic catalysis. However, in comparison with the dramatic development of MOFs in other catalytic fields, MOF-based biomi...

The functional groups of the amino acids are the tools of catalysis in those enzymes which operate without coenzymes and cofactors [ 1,2]. Among the functional groups of proteins the imidazole, thiol and carboxyl groups are the most interesting ones with respect to their possible role in enzyme catalysis. While the mechanism of action of these groups in monofunctional catalysis has been thoroug...

Asymmetric catalysis in flow has been attracting much attention very recently because of the potential advantages over its batchwise counterpart, such as highthroughput screening and synthesis, easy automation with the integration of on-demand reaction analysis, little or no reaction workup, and potential long-term use of the catalysts in the case of heterogeneous catalysis. Homogeneous asymmet...

B generally refers to the use of enzymes or whole cells as catalysts for synthetic chemistry. Because of its connection with reduced energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste generation, biocatalysis is increasingly used in pharmaceutical, chemical, food, energy, and agricultural industries. Compared to chemical catalysis, one of the biggest advantages of biocatalysis is that bioc...

Enzymic catalysis proceeds via intermediates formed in the course of substrate conversion. Here, we directly detect key intermediates in thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes during catalysis using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The quantitative analysis of the relative intermediate concentrations allows the determination of the microscopic rate constants of individual catalytic steps. As demons...

After short introducing the crucial role of e-fuels to meet net-zero emissions targets, this perspective paper discusses differences between reactive catalysis (electro-, photo- and plasma-catalysis, with focus on first for conciseness) thermal used at most. The main point is evidence that progress in producing e-fuels, gap not terms scaling-up pilot testing, but rather fundamental needs turn c...