While many studies on foraging have related energy gain to the density and the size of prey, only few have investigated whether and how habitat structure modifies the gain through affecting foraging success. In this study the influences of habitat structure and prey characteristics on the foraging success of water pipits (Anthus sp. spinoletta) were investigated experimentally. The birds take l...

Optimal group size of gregarious larvae is the result of a trade-off between the costs and benefi ts undergone by individuals living in groups of different sizes. Thus, females should adjust their clutch size to an optimal-minimum group size. In this study, we experimentally manipulated the size of colonies of pine processionary caterpillars, a capital breeder species, to test the hypothesis th...

Maculinea butterflies are parasites of Myrmica ant nests. The Alcon blue, Maculinea alcon, is unusual in that it parasitizes the nests of several Myrmica species, using M. rubra, M. ruginodis and M. scabrinodis as hosts in different parts of Europe. In Denmark it uses M. rubra and M. ruginodis, but never M. scabrinodis. Some populations use one of these species exclusively, despite the presence...

Let G be a simple graph. If we place p pebbles on the vertices of G, then a pebbling move is taking two pebbles off one vertex and then placing one on an adjacent vertex. The optimal pebbling number of G, f ′(G), is the least positive integer p such that p pebbles are placed suitably on vertices of G and for any target vertex v of G, we can move one pebble to v by a sequence of pebbling moves. ...

We present a case report of a 5-year-old boy with presumed anaphylaxis to the caterpillar, Lophocampa maculata, manifesting as the acute development of diffuse urticaria and progressive dyspnea. This reaction required prompt treatment with antihistamines and a bronchodilator. Allergen scratch testing with a homogenized caterpillar extract suggests that immunoglobulin E-mediated type I hypersens...

The Controlled English we have developed for Caterpillar is designed to reduce translation costs by facilitating machine translation. It is also preferred by English-speaking readers of the resulting documents. The approach to machine translation and the resulting design of the Controlled English were optimized to Caterpillar's environment and requirements, including a very high document and tr...

The paper describes the change of geometry caterpillar terrestrial robotic complex depending on external factors. It is established that as a result action centrifugal forces elongates, surface support rollers, repeats their shape, upper part acquires convex and lower shape curve, which determines unevenness soil. dependence soil irregularities established. peculiarity there ripple with number ...