Feeding strategies of the large theropod, Tyrannosaurus rex, either as a predator or a scavenger, have been a topic of debate previously compromised by lack of definitive physical evidence. Tooth drag and bone puncture marks have been documented on suggested prey items, but are often difficult to attribute to a specific theropod. Further, postmortem damage cannot be distinguished from intravita...

A seven-month-old cat was referred, after having been missing for one week, for evaluation and treatment of a right forelimb injury and facial fractures. On physical examination, a moderate partial weight-bearing lameness of the right forelimb was present, with palpable crepitus in the glenohumeral joint. Dental radiographs revealed a midline palatal fracture and rostral fractures of the left m...

AIM To establish the methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 31 genes that might play etiological roles in colon carcinogenesis. METHODS The methylation specific PCR in conjunction of sequencing verification was used to establish the methylation-profile of the promoter CpG islands of 31 genes in colorectal cancer (n = 65), the neighboring non-cancerous tissues (n = 5), colorectal a...

I n The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, an original short story authored by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main character ages in reverse, beginning life as a mature adult (i.e., welldifferentiated state) and then progressing inexorably toward a childlike existence (i.e., progenitor state). A molecular counterpart to this process, which frequently occurs during oncogenesis, is transdifferentiation, ...

Homeobox 9 (HOXB9), a nontransforming transcription factor overexpressed in breast cancer, alters tumor cell fate and promotes tumor progression and metastasis. Here we show that HOXB9 confers resistance to ionizing radiation by promoting DNA damage response. In nonirradiated cells, HOXB9 induces spontaneous DNA damage, phosphorylated histone 2AX and p53 binding protein 1 foci, and increases ba...

References 1. Liefers GJ, Cleton-Jansen AM, van de Velde CJ, Hermans J, van Krieken JH, Cornelisse CJ, et al. Micrometastases and survival in stage II colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1998;339:223–8. 2. Godfrey TE, Raja S, Finkelstein SD, Gooding WE, Kelly LA, Luketich JD. Prognostic value of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in lymph node-negative esophageal cancer pa...

PURPOSE Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in various types of cancer. However, it promotes colon cancer progression. The aim of this study is to clarify the underlying mechanism by which PROX1 regulates tumorigenicity of colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Association of PROX1 and clinicopathological features was studied by immunohistochemical staining...

Low dietary folate intake is associated with an increased risk for colon cancer; however, relevant genetic animal models are lacking. We therefore investigated the effect of targeted ablation of two folate transport genes, folate binding protein 1 (Folbp1) and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), on folate homeostasis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of folate action on colonocyte cell prolife...

Digestive system development is orchestrated by combinatorial signaling interactions between endoderm and mesoderm, but how these signals are integrated in the genome is poorly understood. Here we identified the transcriptomes of Xenopus foregut and hindgut progenitors, which are conserved with mammals. Using RNAseq and ChIP-seq we show that BMP/Smad1 regulates dorsal-ventral gene expression in...