OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of tibolone, estriol and conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mammographic parenchymal density in postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a non-randomised, prospective, longitudinal, comparative study conducted at two specialist outpatient clinics in Chile. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS 210 non-obese, postmenopausal women aged <65 years wi...

Austrian foreign direct investment (FDI) increased quickly since 1992. The profitability of these investments did improve over the full period under consideration (1992 to 2005). In particular investments in Central and Eastern Europe became rather profitable. In 2005 total annual profits translate into an average return on equity (RoE) of 8.3%. However, returns differ to a large extent by regi...

There is a limited understanding what the constituent elements of the ethical leadership are. Although various researchers defined ethical leadership as a specific leadership style, with typical personality traits and behaviors, the precise instantiation of the content of ethical leadership was only seldom investigated. The body of empirical research on ethical leadership is only slowly beginni...

BACKGROUND Recently published data suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase cardiovascular risk during the early months of therapy. Activation of the immune system is known to be involved in several types of cardiovascular disease. In this cross-sectional study, serum C3, C4, IgG and IgM levels were evaluated in healthy post-menopausal women receiving two different short-term...

OBJECTIVE We observed that estrogen did not show cardioprotective benefits in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that hypertensive and/or overweight women may be less likely to realize cardiovascular benefits from estrogen. METHODS AND RESULTS We administered micronized progesterone (MP) 100 mg or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE...

There is a limited understanding what the constituent elements of the ethical leadership are. Although various researchers defined ethical leadership as a specific leadership style, with typical personality traits and behaviors, the precise instantiation of the content of ethical leadership was only seldom investigated. The body of empirical research on ethical leadership is only slowly beginni...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a major health problem in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries; however, there are no data regarding clinical phenotypes of these patients in this region.Participation in the Phenotypes of COPD in Central and Eastern Europe (POPE) study was offered to stable patients with COPD in a real-life setting. The primary aim of this study w...

Abstract During Communism, party members and their relatives were typically privileged elites in Central Eastern Europe (CEE) the former Soviet Union (FSU). At same time, secret police informants often coerced to spy report on fellow citizens. After fall of CEE countries Baltics underwent decommunization, unlike most FSU countries. This paper is first empirically distinguish between these two C...

Project results show that the international industrial networks in CEE are organized by MNCs and are limited in scope (mainly intra-firm). The weakest node for further industry upgrading via network alignment is a national network. There are big national differences in network alignment across CEECs. These differences reflect differences in the strategies of MNCs; the different roles of governm...

Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It was found that at 100 μg/ml of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane frac...