introduction: glycoprotein b (gb) is the major antigen for induction of humoral responses against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) making it an attractive candidate for immune prophylaxis. in the present study, the humoral immune response of balb/c mice to a truncated hcmv gb protein fused with gfp was evaluated. methods: the truncated gb coding sequence was synthesized and cloned in pegfpn1 eukary...

mTOR has important roles in regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, but whether and how mTOR modulates humoral immune responses have yet to be fully understood. To address this issue, we examined the effects of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, on B cell and CD4 T cell responses during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Rapamycin treatment resulted in suppr...

This chapter is not a comprehensive review of immunology but rather a condensed version of those aspects of immunology that have particular relevance to clinical immunology. Refer to the Bibliography for a more extensive discussion of the role of each component. It is generally believed that the immune system evolved as the host’s defense against infectious agents, and it is well known that pat...

Abstract The emergence of new virus species or variants poses a major challenge for healthcare systems. Countermeasures, including vaccine development, need to be developed without delay ensure success. Vaccine and antibody development depend on highly efficient tools antigen discovery, epitope mapping, diagnostics (clinical) immune monitoring. Here we present workflow peptide tool that can rap...

Current influenza vaccines do not provide broad cross-protection. Here, we report that intranasal vaccination with virus-like particles containing the highly conserved multiple ectodomains of matrix protein 2 (M2e5x VLP) of influenza virus induces broad cross-protection by M2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. M2e5x VLP intranasal vaccination prevented severe weight loss, attenuate...

BACKGROUND It is now emerging that for vaccines against a range of diseases including influenza, malaria and HIV, the induction of a humoral response is insufficient and a substantial complementary cell-mediated immune response is necessary for adequate protection. Furthermore, for some diseases such as tuberculosis, a cellular response seems to be the sole effector mechanism required for prote...

Imidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-l-triazeno), NSC 45388 (DTIC), was administered for 5 consecutive days as a rapid 150-mg/sq m or 250-mg/sq m infusion to 13 patients with melanoma. DTIC did not interfere with induc tion of a cellular immune (delayed hypersensitivity) re sponse to dinitrochlorobenzene in 7 of 12 patients tested or with established delayed hypersensitivity reactions in 8 ...

Although the initial isolates of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) are sensitive to neutralization by antibodies through their spike (S) glycoprotein, variants of S have since been identified that are resistant to such inhibition. Optimal vaccine strategies would therefore make use of additional determinants of immune recognition, either through cellular or expanded...