This paper summarizes the modulation configurations of phase locked loops (PLLs) and their integration in semiconductor circuits, e.g., input for cellular phones, direct-modulation low power wireless sensor networks, feedback-loop high-speed transmission, two-point short-range radio transceivers. In this survey, basic configuration examples integrated circuits wired applications which are using...

The precise interpreting of RF data starts from retrieving or knowing the exact time instant at which moment sender is turned on, this challenge implies two important issues; prevent manipulating redundant information such as unavoidable background noise speed up processing and other issue to study behavior that sender. A method has been developed automatically catch onset in transient Bluetoot...

Geographic information systems, global positioning traffic flow sensors and cellular phones are sources of real-time data in road networks. However, many vehicle routing algorithms do not account for this information. In paper, we consider the problem adjusting a time-dependent delivery plan to respond dynamic changes travel times. We also variant which some customer requests can be canceled. T...

Abstract The rapid advancement of technology in recent years has led to an increasing dependence on mobile devices for communication, entertainment and access information. rise the internet fundamentally transformed way we live, work, interact with each other. This paper examines evolution portable devices, from first phones modern smartphones tablets, explores impact these development Internet...

Now that the number of cellular phone subscribers is over 1.6 billion in the world and over 180 million in the United States, it is an appropriate time to consider Asia, the “new” wireless economy, with respect to mobile telephony. Several major cellular phone service providers chose Korea as a testing ground to assess the effects of third generation (3G) technology and deployment. Several Kore...

Current mobile phones are becoming important platforms that serve the ubiquitous sensing and communication needs of people [29, 55]. The sensing and communication modules on mobile phones are usually developed to provide location and context-aware services. Real-time urban traffic conditions are critical to wide populations and serve the needs of many transportation dependent applications. This...

Over the past decade, the use of mobile phones has increased significantly. However, with every technological development comes some element of health concern, and cell phones are no exception. Recently, various studies have highlighted the negative effects of cell phone exposure on human health, and concerns about possible hazards related to cell phone exposure have been growing. This is a com...