The Aplysia multifunctional feeding central pattern generator (CPG) produces at least two types of motor programs, ingestion and egestion, that involve two sets of radula movements, protraction-retraction and opening-closing movements. In ingestion, the radula closes during retraction to pull food in, whereas in egestion, the radula closes during protraction to push inedible objects out. Thus, ...

Abstract I provide comments and replies to the seven insightful contributions that discussed “The Democratic Challenge of Central Bank Credit Policies” proposal for a European Council. review how interdisciplinary scholarship on political economy central banking have shown limits simple principal-agent framework applied bank power legitimacy. emphasize why change independence is not necessary f...

Inductive learning methods, such as neural networks and decision trees, have become a popular approach to developing DNA sequence identi cation tools. Such methods attempt to form models of a collection of training data that can be used to predict future data accurately. The common approach to using such methods on DNA sequence identi cation problems forms models that depend on the absolute loc...

In the sea slug Aplysia, rhythmic biting is eliminated after bilateral cerebral-buccal connective (CBC) crushes and recovers within 14 days postlesion (dpl). The ability of cerebral-buccal interneuron-2 (CBI-2) to elicit ingestion buccal motor programs (iBMPs; i.e., fictive rhythmic ingestion) and to regenerate synaptic connections with target buccal neurons was assessed with intracellular reco...

This research analyzes the speeches and interviews of high-level European Central Bank decision makers from 1997 to 2021 identify clusters prominent topics. Transparency is a crucial aspect modern monetary policy, public by central bankers play vital role in achieving it. Our study employs structural topic modeling compare prevalence topics during Global Financial Crisis, pandemic crisis, perio...

Although the Central Bank of Iraq enjoys independence in its administrative and financial affairs formulation implementation monetary policies general, accordance with Law No. 56 2004, but interventions legislative executive authorities, presence public finance dominance on policy, put this an ambiguous position. This research has tried to determine degree legal according (CWN) criterion based ...