The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(9)H(7)N(3)O(2), is composed of two independent mol-ecules. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The crystal structure also features pyrazine-pyrazine π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.6994 (5) Å] and also pyridine-pyrazine π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid dista...

In its crystal structure, the title compound, C(9)H(7)NO(3), forms π-stacked dimers, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.475 (5) Å between the benzenoid and the 2,4 dicarbonyl oxazine rings. These dimers then form staircase-like linear chains through further π-stacking between the benzenoid rings [centroid-centroid distance of 3.761 (2) Å]. The methyl-H atoms are disordered due to rotation a...

In the title compound, C13H13NO4, the asymmetric unit contains four independent mol-ecules, each exhibiting an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The ethyl group in one of the four mol-ecules is disordered, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.295 (16):0.705 (16). A face-to-face stacking inter-action is found between the benzene rings of the quinoline units of two of the mol-ecules [centroid-c...

The centroid decomposition, an approximation for the singular value decomposition (SVD), has a long history among the statistics/psychometrics community for factor analysis research. We revisit the centroid method in its original context of factor analysis and then adapt it to other than a covariance matrix. The centroid method can be cast as an O(n)-step ascent method on a hypercube. It is sho...

In the title compound, C(32)H(19)BN(6)O(2), the B atom adopts a BON(3) tetra-hedral coordination geometry. In the crystal, pairs of mol-ecules are associated through aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions between the concave faces of the boronsubphthalocyanine fragments at a centroid-centroid distance of 3.4951 (19) Å and a weaker inter-action of the same type between the convex faces of the same ...

In the crystal of the title compound, C(15)H(18)N(2)O(4)S, inversion dimers are formed by inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯O contacts. These dimers stack up along [100] through inversion-related π-π inter-actions between thia-zole rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.790 (2) Å] and the thia-zole and benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.845 (2) Å] and C-H⋯π contacts.

Localization is one of the major technologies in wireless sensor networks. Utilizing mobile beacons has made localization, cost effective. Localization methods using a single beacon bring about co-linearity problem resulting in poor performance. This paper proposes Average Weight Based Centroid Localization (AWBCL) algorithm. The analysis carried out shows that the proposed algorithm has greate...

In tokamak and other fusion devices, magnetic control is the main tool that allows to regulate plasma current, position shape; it in charge of actuating desired current waveform, steering a given set point maintain shape close prescribed equilibrium. This work describes application several physics concepts computational tools order obtain novel optimal controller for centroid position, which ha...

We investigate our ability to determine the mean position, or centroid, of a linear array equally-bright incoherent point sources light, whose continuum limit is problem estimating center uniformly-radiating object. consider two receivers: an image-plane ideal direct-detection imager and receiver that employs Hermite-Gaussian (HG) Spatial-mode Demultiplexing (SPADE) in image plane, prior shot-n...