Analytical methods for mycotoxins in cereals and cereal-based products require three major steps, including extraction, clean-up (to eliminate interferences from the extract and concentrate the analyte), and detection/determination of the toxin (by using suitable analytical instruments/technologies). Clean-up is essential for the analysis of mycotoxins at trace levels, and involves the use of s...

Elucidating the role of carbohydrate quality in human nutrition requires a greater understanding of how the physico-chemical characteristics of foods relate to their physiological properties. It was hypothesised that rapidly available glucose (RAG) and slowly available glucose (SAG), in vitro measures describing the rate of glucose release from foods, are the main determinants of glycaemic inde...

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a valuable enrichment source for cereal products due to its rich protein and well-balanced amino acid content. The high content of lysine, methionine threonine acids that are found in limited levels most cereals, increases the importance quinoa. In this study, physicochemical sensory properties muffin cakes which produced by 100% wheat flour (control sample...

Energy is an important component of poultry feed and is derived principally from cereal grains. Unfortunately, all of the chemical energy is not available to the bird, and biological assays must be used to determine the digestible energy value of a cereal grain. The bioassay described uses four pens of six male broiler chicks, complete diets containing 80% of a test cereal grain (with or withou...

Over the last decades, interest in oats (Avena sativa L.) as healthy foods increased due to their multiple functional and bioactive components such dietary fibers, polyphenols, proteins. Protein extracted from received considerable attention being more abundant (12–20%) having a distinct composition compared other cereal grains. Oat proteins also present pleasant sensorial attributes deriving l...

BACKGROUND The FAO has recommended replacing the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) with the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare aspects underlying the calculation of the DIAAS and PDCAAS, including 1) fecal digestibility vs. ileal digestibility, 2) using a single nitrogen digestibility value for all am...

Cereal endosperm storage proteins include primarily prolamins (the name derived from ·proline" plus "amine," generaHy proteins soluble in aqueous solutions of alcohols) and glutelins (proteins insoluble under neutral, nonacidic. nonreducing conditions in water. saline solutions, and alcohol but soluble in solutions containing acid. alkali. detergents. denaturants. or disulfide reducing agents) ...

The grass family, comprising more than 10 000 members, includes several agronomical important species such as wheat, maize, rice and sorghum. Cereal genomes are composed of homologous sequences, inherited from a common ancestor. Homologs include orthologs (present in different species and produced by speciation) and paralogs (present within an organism and produced by gene duplication). Moreove...