Proprioception is the ability to interpret our musculo-skeletal state (e.g., position and movement) by processing information originating from our own body. While it is generally accepted that passive proprioception (i.e., proprioception in the absence of muscle contraction) is dependent only on the processing of peripheral inputs, the precise nature of the processes constituting active proprio...

■ Abstract Transplantation studies performed in chicken embryos indicated that early anterior/posterior patterning of the vertebrate midbrain and cerebellum might be regulated by an organizing center at the junction between the midbrain and hindbrain. More than a decade of molecular and genetic studies have shown that such an organizer is indeed central to development of the midbrain and anteri...

ischaemic attacks or carotid disease was all very well, but did not answer the more relevant question: do patients with severe carotid disease and limb shaking transient ischaemic attacks have more impaired cerebrovascular reactivity than similar patients with 'con-ventional' transient ischaemic attacks (i.e. loss of function such as paralysis contralateral to severe carotid disease)? In this i...

Recent models of interval timing have emphasized local, modality-specific processes or a core network centered on a cortico-thalamic-striatal circuit, leaving the role of the cerebellum unclear. We examine this issue, using current taxonomies of timing as a guide to review the association of the cerebellum in motor and perceptual tasks in which timing information is explicit or implicit. Eviden...

In this review, we present the growing literature suggesting, from a variety of angles, that the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive functions, rather than simply sensorimotor functions, and more specifically to language and its development. The cerebellum's association with language function is determined by the specific cortico-cerebellar connectivity to the right cerebellum from...

For more than a century it has been known that the cerebellum is an important part of the brain for the control of movement. Although this structure is not necessary for the initiation ofmotion,movements become erratic in their size and direction when the cerebellum is damaged (a symptom called dysmetria). In addition to its role in regulating and coordinating movement, the cerebellum is consid...

All vertebrate brains have a cerebellum, and most of them have one or more additional structures that are histologically similar to the cerebellum. The cerebellum-like structures include the medial octavolateral nucleus in most aquatic vertebrates; the dorsal octavolateral nucleus in many aquatic vertebrates with an electrosensory system; the marginal layer of the optic tectum in ray-finned fis...

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma is a new identified variant type of pilocytic astrocytoma, and typically locates in the hypothalamic and chiasmatic region. Herein, we reported a nine-year-old boy with pilomyxoid astrocytoma in the cerebellum. MRI scanning showed a tumor involved the cerebellar vermis, tonsil, the forth ventricle and brainstem. It was homogeneous isointensity on T1WI, relative hyper-inte...

We report the case of a 40-year-old right-handed German-speaking man who presented with ischemic stroke in the territories of the right superior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The objective of the present study was to investigate the consequences of this cerebellar damage with regard to higher cognitive functions. On admission to the stroke unit, the patient present...

The cerebellum – motor control or more? Prompted by functional imaging studies, there have been a number of recent suggestions that the cerebellum may be involved in functions other than motor control. Lesions or abnormalities of the cerebellum have been claimed to be associated with cognitive deficits and autism; and the cere-bellum is said to control shifting attention and be active both duri...