AIM Glutamate is known to be neurotoxic at concentrations of 10-6M and 10-7M. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can be assumed to be neuroprotective as they open the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels by inhibiting the degradation of bradykinin. In this study, we investigated whether the ACE inhibitors captopril, ramipril and perindopril have protecti...

Background: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is used in human for intermittent claudication and cerebral vascular disorders including cerebrovascular dementia. It also inhibits the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is believed to be neurotoxic in animal models of cerebral ischemia. The objective of this study was to examine the role of PTX on ischemia/reperfusion injures in rat model of t...

OBJECTIVE Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) showed decreased neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate and increased glial marker myo-inositol in subjects with chronic methamphetamine use and in subjects infected with HIV. The authors sought to determine whether HIV and a history of chronic methamphetamine use might have additive or interactive effects on brain metabolite abnormalities. ...

A reactive intermediate generated by lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), has received considerable attention as a potential effector of oxidative damage and Abeta peptide-mediated neurotoxicity in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, little is known about aldo-keto oxidoreductases, a group of enzymes that constitute a major detoxifying pathway for HNE and related reactive aldehydes in hu...

Nanoparticles derived from plants known for their high content of flavonoids provide a biologically inspired route to design therapeutic agents and a means of reducing metal nanoparticle toxicity. Little is currently known on the anti-neurotoxicity of Salvia officinalis L. extracts and their corresponding nanoparticles. In the present study, anti-neurotoxic stress activity of S. officinalis ext...

Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier. It has remarkable neuroprotective qualities in models of cerebral ischaemia, traumatic brain injury, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases. However, there is no evidence about neuroprotective effects of minocycline on AD. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized neurop...

Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline that effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier. It has remarkable neuroprotective qualities in models of cerebral ischaemia, traumatic brain injury, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases. However, there is no evidence about neuroprotective effects of minocycline on AD. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized neurop...

Cocaine-induced stroke is among the most serious medical complications associated with cocaine's abuse. However, the extent to which chronic cocaine may induce silent microischemia predisposing the cerebral tissue to neurotoxicity has not been investigated; in part, because of limitations of current neuroimaging tools, that is, lack of high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity to simultane...

Recently, the neurotoxicity of dopamine (DA) quinone formation by auto-oxidation of DA has focused on dopaminergic neuron-specific oxidative stress. In the present study, we examined DA quinone formation in methamphetamine (METH)-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death using METH-treated dopaminergic cultured CATH.a cells and METH-injected mouse brain. In CATH.a cells, METH treatment dose-depe...

objective(s): exposing to stress may be associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ros). therefore, high level of oxidative stress may eventually give rise to accumulation of oxidative damage and development of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. it has been presented that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) supports neurons against various neurodegenerative conditio...